Abstract: Objective: To observe the effects of low carbohydrate and high protein diet (LC-HP) and high oil and high sugar diet on blood lipid, immune index and intestinal flora in mice. Use of high protein gluten as the main ingredient to make bread as the diet of mice. Methods: Healthy Kunming mice were randomly divided into low-carbon and high-protein group (group A, CHO 11.41%, Pr 39.18%), control group (group B, CHO 47.4%, Pr 9.6%), high-oil group (group C, CHO 51.4%, Pr 8.5%) and high-sugar group (group D, CHO 60.6%, Pr 7.3%). Each group consisted of 10 animals, 50 parts male and 50 parts female, for a 28 d experimental period. The mice were weighed every 7 days, and the organ coefficient was determined at the end of the experiment. The serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to detect the changes of flora in mouse fecal samples. Results: The weight growth rate of mice in group A was significantly lower than that in groups C and D (P<0.05). The levels of total TG and TC in group A were significantly lower than those in the other three groups (P<0.05), the levels of LDL-C in group A were significantly lower than those in groups C and D (P<0.05), and the levels of HDL-C in group A were significantly higher than those in group D (P<0.05). The immune organ coefficient of group A was higher than that of the other three groups, but there was no significant difference. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in group A were significantly higher than those in groups C and D (P<0.05). ACE, Chao1 and Shannon index of group A, which reflected the richness and diversity of intestinal microbial communities, were higher than those of the other three groups, and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with ordinary bread and high-sugar and high-oil bread, eating low-carbon water bread in mice could reduce the weight growth rate and blood lipid level, adjust immune indexes and improve the composition of intestinal flora, and it is confirmed that high-sugar bread had greater adverse health effects than high-oil bread.