Abstract: In recent years, the extensive use of plastic packaging has caused serious environmental pollution problems. With the increase in people's environmental awareness, the development of new biodegradable food packaging materials to replace traditional petroleum-based plastics has become a hot research topic. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are widely favored by researchers due to its excellent properties such as high specific surface area, elastic modulus, strength, and gas barrier properties. This paper summarizes the preparation methods of CNF and CNF composite films, discusses the mechanical property, barrier property, antibacterial property, degradable property, and responsive property as food packaging materials. Finally, the challenges faced by CNF in the field of food packaging are proposed, aiming to provide a reference for the future production of CNF food packaging materials to replace traditional petroleum-based materials.