• 中国科技期刊卓越行动计划项目资助期刊
  • 中国精品科技期刊
  • EI
  • Scopus
  • CAB Abstracts
  • Global Health
  • 北大核心期刊
  • DOAJ
  • EBSCO
  • 中国核心学术期刊RCCSE A+
  • 中国科技核心期刊CSTPCD
  • JST China
  • FSTA
  • 中国农林核心期刊
  • 中国开放获取期刊数据库COAJ
  • CA
  • WJCI
  • 食品科学与工程领域高质量科技期刊分级目录第一方阵T1
中国精品科技期刊2020

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定水果制品和肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素

谷悦, 唐会鑫, 李朔, 马玲, 王可, 杨莉丽

谷悦,唐会鑫,李朔,等. QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定水果制品和肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(18):313−320. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100072.
引用本文: 谷悦,唐会鑫,李朔,等. QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定水果制品和肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(18):313−320. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100072.
GU Yue, TANG Huixin, LI Shuo, et al. Determination of 10 Tetracycline Antibiotics in Fruit Products and Meat Sauce by QuEChERS with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(18): 313−320. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100072.
Citation: GU Yue, TANG Huixin, LI Shuo, et al. Determination of 10 Tetracycline Antibiotics in Fruit Products and Meat Sauce by QuEChERS with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(18): 313−320. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100072.

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定水果制品和肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(81903322);河北省省级科技计划资助(223777116D)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    谷悦(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品中兽药残留检测,E-mail:guyue0099@163.com

    通讯作者:

    王可(1981−),男,博士,主任技师,研究方向:食品安全与毒物检测,E-mail:wkecdc@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TS207.7

Determination of 10 Tetracycline Antibiotics in Fruit Products and Meat Sauce by QuEChERS with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry

  • 摘要: 使用QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(Ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS),建立检测水果制品和肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素的分析方法。通过优化质谱参数、色谱条件和前处理技术,确定了最佳实验条件。样品经0.2%甲酸乙腈超声提取后,水果制品和肉酱分别用N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和C18净化,经ZORBAX SB-Aq色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,3.5 μm)分离,UPLC-MS/MS测定。结果显示,在各自线性范围内,10种四环素类抗生素具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)大于0.999;方法的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.09~3.92 µg/kg,定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)为0.31~13.05 µg/kg;在75、300和750 µg/kg 3个不同加标水平下的平均回收率为70.0%~101.0%,相对标准偏差(Relative standard deviation,RSD)为1.0%~10.3%(n=7)。该方法灵敏、简便,适用于水果制品和肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素的快速同步检测。
    Abstract: A method for the determination of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in fruit products and meat sauce was established by QuEChERS coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The optimal experimental conditions were determined by optimizing the mass spectrometric parameters, chromatographic conditions and pre-treatment techniques. The samples were extracted by 0.2% formic acid acetonitrile under ultrasonication, and then purified with PSA for fruit products and C18 for meat sauce. The target analytes were separated on a ZORBAX SB-Aq column (2.1 mm×150 mm, 3.5 μm), and detected by UPLC-MS/MS. The results demonstrated that the 10 tetracycline antibiotics showed good linearity in the respective linear range with the correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.999. The limits of detection (S/N=3) were 0.09~3.92 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (S/N=10) were 0.31~13.05 μg/kg. The average recoveries at three different spiked levels of 75, 300 and 750 μg/kg ranged from 70.0% to 101.0% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.0%~10.3% (n=7). The method is sensitive, simple and suitable for the rapid and simultaneous detection of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in fruit products and meat sauce.
  • 四环素类抗生素是由放线菌产生,具有抑菌作用,是治疗和控制传染病的最重要的广谱抗生素之一,对肺炎球菌、衣原体和支原体等有防治作用[1-2]。其不仅可在畜禽养殖业中用于防治肠道感染和促生长[3],还可在水果种植业中用于防治丛枝病和黄龙病[4-5],以提高动物源性食品和水果的产量和品质。细菌核糖体的30S亚基和四环素类抗生素的特异性结合会破坏细菌肽链和蛋白质的生成,从而达到灭菌的目的[6-7]。这类抗生素因其成本低、抗菌范围广和高效等特点被广泛应用[8],但其在生物体内的代谢水平有限,大部分未经代谢就被排出体外,重新进入环境[9]。而四环素类抗生素结构稳定、不易分解,因此会污染环境,并且以食物链为传播途径威胁人类健康[10]。其长期蓄积摄入到人体后,会对牙齿、肝脏、肾脏等造成损害,还易引起人体溶血性贫血和产生耐药性[11-12]。在动物肌肉组织和牛奶中,欧盟限定四环素类抗生素残留量小于0.1 mg/kg[13]。我国GB 31650-2019标准限定了在牛肉等动物源性食品中强力霉素限量是0.1~0.6 mg/kg,四环素、土霉素、金霉素的总限量为0.1~1.2 mg/kg。

    免疫分析法[14-15]、高效液相色谱法[16-18]、液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)[19-22]等是检测四环素类抗生素的主要方法。但是在食品基质中免疫分析法特异性较差,液相色谱方法消耗大量试剂,当前常采用LC-MS/MS对兽药残留进行检测,该方法具有灵敏、准确度好等优点。目前四环素类抗生素残留检测多为其中一种或几种,且多集中在环境[23-26]和动物源性食品(鸡蛋、牛奶等)[27-30]等样品中,尚未有测定水果制品和肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素残留的报道。此外,检测食品中四环素类抗生素残留多采用液液萃取和固相萃取等前处理方法,而QuEChERS法相对使用较少。QuEChERS法具有快速、简单及试验成本低等特点,与在兽药残留检测中的应用相比,其在农药残留检测中的应用更为广泛且日益成熟。由于检测兽药残留的样品基质更为复杂,需要对传统QuEChERS方法进行改进和优化,以达到适用于兽药残留检测的目的。因此,对于水果制品和肉酱,本文拟通过优化QuEChERS前处理技术(提取剂种类、净化剂种类和用量等)确定最佳前处理条件,并结合UPLC-MS/MS建立10种四环素类抗生素残留的检测方法,为水果制品和肉酱中四环素类抗生素的监测提供技术支撑。

    二甲胺四环素(Minocycline)、差向四环素(4-Epitetracycline hydrochloride)、差向土霉素(4-Epioxytetracycline)、去甲基金霉素(Demeclocycline hydrochloride)、差向金霉素(4-Epichlorotetracycline)、甲烯土霉素(Methacyclinebase) 纯度≥82.0%,天津Alta公司;土霉素(Oxytetracycline)、四环素(Tetracycline)、金霉素(Chlortetracycline)、强力霉素(Doxycycline) 纯度≥94.6%,德国Dr.Ehrenstorfer.GmbH公司;甲酸(色谱纯)、N-丙基乙二胺(PSA,40~60 μm) 色谱纯,美国Dikma公司;甲醇 色谱纯,美国Fisher公司;乙腈 色谱纯,美国Sigma公司;十八烷基硅烷(C18,40~50 μm) 美国Welch公司;氯化钠 分析纯,天津永大化学试剂有限公司;草莓罐头、橘子罐头、黄桃罐头、苹果酱、蓝莓酱、草莓酱、牛肉酱、鸡肉酱和猪肉酱 购自当地超市。

    AB SCIEX Exion超高效液相色谱仪,AB TRIP-LE QUAD 5500三重四级杆串联质谱仪,配有电喷雾离子源(ESI)及MultiQuant数据处理系统 美国AB SCIEX公司;VXMNAL涡旋振荡器 美国OHA-US公司;EVAP-12氮吹仪 美国Organomation公司;KQ5200DE超声清洗器 昆山市超声仪器有限公司;CR21N高速冷冻离心机 日本Hitachi公司;Milli-Q超纯水机 美国Millipore公司。

    称取适量四环素类抗生素标准品,用甲醇配制成1.0 mg/mL单标储备液,储存于冰箱(−20 ℃)。取适量上述溶液,甲醇稀释成1.0 mg/L混合溶液。取适量1.0 mg/L混合溶液,分别用草莓酱和牛肉酱的空白基质提取液配制浓度为0.1、0.2、0.5、1、2、5、10、20、50、100 µg/L的系列标准溶液。

    水果制品:准确称取2.0 g(精确至0.01 g)草莓酱,放入50 mL聚丙烯塑料离心管中,加入3 mL纯水、15 mL 0.2%甲酸乙腈,涡旋后超声10 min,再加入0.5 g NaCl,振荡后以8000 r/min在25 ℃下离心5 min。移取2 mL上清液至盛有30 mg PSA的15 mL聚丙烯塑料离心管中,涡旋混匀30 s,以8000 r/min离心5 min。取0.5 mL上清液,加水稀释至1 mL后混匀,经0.20 µm滤膜过滤,供UPLC-MS/MS测定。

    肉酱:准确称取2.0 g(精确至0.01 g)牛肉酱,放入50 mL聚丙烯塑料离心管中,加入3 mL纯水、15 mL 0.2%甲酸乙腈,涡旋后超声10 min,再加入0.5 g NaCl,振荡后以8000 r/min在4℃下离心5 min。移取2 mL上清液至盛有100 mg C18的15 mL聚丙烯塑料离心管中,涡旋混匀30 s,以8000 r/min离心5 min。取0.5 mL上清液,加水稀释至1 mL后混匀,经0.20 µm滤膜过滤,供UPLC-MS/MS测定。

    ZORBAX SB-Aq色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,3.5 μm);柱温:40 ℃;流速:0.3 mL/min;进样量:2 μL;0.4%甲酸水溶液为流动相A,甲醇为流动相B;梯度洗脱程序:0~2.0 min,26% B;2.0~2.1 min,26%~40% B;2.1~3.0 min,40% B;3.0~3.1 min,40%~80% B;3.1~4.0 min,80% B;4.0~4.1 min,80%~26% B;4.1~8.0 min,26% B。

    离子源:电喷雾电离源(ESI);扫描方式:正离子扫描;监测模式:多反应监测(MRM);离子源温度:550 ℃;离子源电压:5500 V;气帘气(N2):40 psi;喷雾气(N2):55 psi;辅助气(N2):55 psi。10种四环素类抗生素的详细质谱参数见表1

    表  1  10种四环素类抗生素的质谱参数
    Table  1.  Mass spectrometric parameters of 10 tetracycline antibiotics
    序号四环素
    类抗生素
    母离子
    (m/z)
    子离子
    (m/z)
    去簇电压
    (V)
    碰撞能
    (eV)
    1二甲胺四环素458.1441.3*/423.1128.0/126.027.0/36.0
    2差向四环素445.2410.2*/427.063.0/80.027.2/18.8
    3差向土霉素461.2426.1*/443.189.1/89.827.0/18.5
    4土霉素461.2426.3*/444.062.1/49.930.3/23.0
    5四环素445.1410.2*/154.284.9/82.927.0/35.8
    6去甲基金霉素465.2448.2*/430.297.2/107.023.9/30.7
    7差向金霉素479.1462.1*/444.3101.0/97.324.2/30.4
    8金霉素479.1462.2*/444.092.8/90.124.2/30.0
    9甲烯土霉素443.1426.3*/380.995.9/102.023.2/31.3
    10强力霉素445.2428.2*/321.1102.0/93.025.0/24.0
    注:*为定量离子。
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    采集数据使用分析软件1.6.3,数据处理使用MultiQuant 3.0.2并建立标准曲线。计算回收率用Microsoft Excel 97-2003 软件,计算后采用Origin 2018软件分析。

    四环素类抗生素的结构中富含N、O原子,其更易结合H+,因此在ESI正离子模式进行检测。10种四环素类化合物的单标标准溶液均为50 ng/mL,以7 µL/min采用针泵连续进样的方式将其注入离子源。首先在Q1 MS模式扫描得到10种目标化合物的母离子,然后在Product Ion(MS2)模式进行子离子全扫描,选择出两个响应较强的碎片离子为定性离子,其中响应值更高的为定量离子。将各目标化合物的母离子和相对应的两个碎片离子组成离子对,在MRM模式下优化去簇电压(DP)和碰撞能(CE),结果见表1

    选择ZORBAX Eclispse XDB-C18(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm)、ZORBAX SB-Aq(2.1 mm×150 mm,3.5 μm)、Poroshell 120 EC-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7 μm)进行比较。实验表明,使用ZORBAX Eclispse XDB-C18色谱柱对10种目标化合物进行分离时,分离度较差,二甲胺四环素响应值低、峰形宽且拖尾严重(见图1);使用Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱进行分离时,由于四环素与差向四环素母离子和定量子离子相同,峰形叠加,在定量分析时会产生相互干扰,从而导致结果不准确,且强力霉素的基线偏高(见图2);而在ZORBAX SB-Aq色谱柱上,10种四环素类抗生素可以在较短的时间内获得较好的分离度且峰形较好(见图3)。因此,选择ZORBAX SB-Aq色谱柱分离10种四环素类抗生素。

    图  1  10种四环素类抗生素在ZORBAX Eclispse XDB-C18色谱柱上的提取离子流色谱图(50 μg/L)
    Figure  1.  Extracted ion chromatograms of 10 tetracycline antibiotics on a ZORBAX Eclispse XDB-C18 column (50 μg/L)
    图  2  10种四环素类抗生素在Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱上的提取离子流色谱图(50 μg/L)
    Figure  2.  Extracted ion chromatograms of 10 tetracycline antibiotics on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (50 μg/L)
    图  3  10种四环素类抗生素在ZORBAX SB-Aq色谱柱上的提取离子流色谱图(50 μg/L)
    Figure  3.  Extracted ion chromatograms of 10 tetracycline antibiotics on a ZORBAX SB-Aq column (50 μg/L)

    实验发现,选择乙腈为有机相时,各目标化合物存在峰形较宽且分离度较差现象,故选用甲醇。另以纯水、0.4%甲酸水、2 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.4%甲酸,v/v)为水相进行比较。当水相为纯水时,金霉素和甲烯土霉素峰形宽且基线偏高(见图4);随着甲酸的加入,峰形尖锐且对称;而乙酸铵的引入使得除二甲胺四环素外其他9种目标化合物的响应均有所降低,最终选择0.4%甲酸水溶液/甲醇为流动相。对梯度洗脱程序进一步优化后,10种目标化合物的总离子流图如图5所示。

    图  4  10种四环素类抗生素在流动相为纯水/甲醇中的总离子流图(50 μg/L)
    注:1:二甲胺四环素;2:差向四环素;3:差向土霉素;4:土霉素;5:四环素;6:去甲基金霉素;7:差向金霉素;8:金霉素;9:甲烯土霉素;10:强力霉素;图5同。
    Figure  4.  Total ion chromatograms of 10 tetracycline antibiotics using water/methanol as mobile phase (50 μg/L)
    图  5  10种四环素类抗生素的总离子流图(50 μg/L)
    Figure  5.  Total ion chromatograms of 10 tetracycline antibiotics (50 μg/L)

    提取剂的选择要求是尽可能萃取目标化合物,并减少对杂质的提取。乙酸乙酯和乙腈是常用的提取剂,并且酸化乙腈对许多分析物具有良好的萃取效率,因此实验以草莓酱为基质,比较了乙酸乙酯、乙腈和0.3%甲酸乙腈对10种四环素类抗生素的提取效率(见图6)。用乙酸乙酯提取时,10种四环素类抗生素的回收率均在50%以下;而乙腈为提取溶剂时,10种四环素类抗生素的回收率整体升高,说明含有极性基团的四环素类抗生素更易溶于强极性的乙腈中[29]。在乙腈中加入0.3%甲酸后,10种四环素类抗生素的回收率进一步提高,在33.1%~112.5%之间。进一步对甲酸用量进行优化,实验分别考察了0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%和0.5%甲酸乙腈对10种四环素类抗生素的回收率的影响(见表2)。甲酸用量从0.1%提高到0.2%时,10种四环素类抗生素的回收率均有所升高,在68.2%~99.5%之间。当进一步增加甲酸的用量时,二甲胺四环素、四环素、去甲基金霉素和金霉素的回收率均呈现不同程度降低,其余6种目标化合物的回收率变化不大。这可能是由于在弱酸性条件下,二甲胺四环素、四环素、去甲基金霉素和金霉素比较稳定,随着酸度的增大,会使得稳定性降低,易发生降解[31]。综合上述分析,本实验选择0.2%甲酸乙腈作为最终提取剂。

    图  6  提取剂的种类对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响
    Figure  6.  Effect of different extraction solvents on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics
    表  2  含不同量甲酸的乙腈对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响
    Table  2.  Effect of acetonitrile containing different amounts of formic acid on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics
    四环素类
    抗生素
    回收率(%)
    0.1%甲酸
    乙腈
    0.2%甲酸
    乙腈
    0.3%甲酸
    乙腈
    0.4%甲酸
    乙腈
    0.5%甲酸
    乙腈
    二甲胺四环素46.568.235.030.321.2
    差向四环素60.484.780.883.285.8
    差向土霉素51.173.968.864.363.0
    土霉素49.871.565.767.060.4
    四环素64.479.860.455.450.1
    去甲基金霉素53.771.462.557.152.7
    差向金霉素92.099.5106.7102.4100.6
    金霉素60.674.968.459.952.4
    甲烯土霉素63.373.072.579.378.2
    强力霉素72.585.478.083.679.6
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    QuEChERS常用净化剂有PSA、C18等,在去除糖类、脂肪酸等杂质时常用PSA,去除脂类则多用C18[32]。分别在草莓酱和牛肉酱中比较了使用PSA、C18、无水Na2SO4作净化剂对回收率的影响。实验结果表明,对于草莓酱样品,分别以C18和无水Na2SO4作净化剂时,二甲胺四环素的回收率均低于45%,而以PSA作净化剂时效果更好,10种四环素类抗生素的回收率均在70%以上(见图7);对PSA用量进一步优化,本文比较了10、30、60、100和150 mg PSA对草莓酱的净化效果。结果显示,随着PSA用量的增加,10种四环素类抗生素的回收率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,说明PSA用量增大可能会增加对抗生素的吸附量,从而导致回收率降低。在PSA用量为30 mg时,10种四环素类抗生素均能达到较好的回收率,在74.7%~110.2%之间(见图8)。对于牛肉酱基质,以PSA为净化剂时,差向土霉素、土霉素和差向金霉素的回收率均低于56%,二甲胺四环素的回收率仅62.8%;使用无水Na2SO4净化时,差向土霉素、土霉素、差向金霉素和二甲胺四环素的回收率在59.0%~63.4%之间;而用C18作净化剂时,二甲胺四环素回收率可达76%,另外差向土霉素、土霉素和差向金霉素的回收率也略有升高,其他6种目标化合物的回收率在74.8%~88.5%之间,10种目标化合物的整体回收率更好(见图9);同样对C18用量进行优化,实验比较了10、30、60、100和150 mg C18对牛肉酱的净化效果。实验结果显示,C18用量为100 mg时,对10种四环素类抗生素整体净化效果最佳,回收率在70.0%~90.4%之间(见图10)。因此,本实验在水果制品中选择30 mg PSA作为净化剂,在肉酱基质中选择100 mg C18作为净化剂。

    图  7  草莓酱中不同净化剂对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响
    Figure  7.  Effect of different adsorbents on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in strawberry jam
    图  8  草莓酱中PSA用量对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响
    Figure  8.  Effect of PSA dosages on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in strawberry jam
    图  9  牛肉酱中不同净化剂对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响
    Figure  9.  Effect of different adsorbents on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in beef sauce
    图  10  牛肉酱中C18用量对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响
    Figure  10.  Effect of C18 dosages on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in beef sauce

    基质效应(Matrix effect,ME)=空白基质标准曲线的斜率/溶剂标准曲线的斜率×100%[33],当ME<80%表示基质抑制,其>120%则基质增强,而ME在80.0%~120.0%之间时,可忽略基质效应。10种四环素类抗生素的基质效应结果见表3,从表3可以看出,对于草莓酱,二甲胺四环素的ME值为278.7%,有基质增强,其它9种四环素类抗生素的ME值在100.0%~112.6%之间,基质效应可忽略;在牛肉酱中,二甲胺四环素、差向四环素、土霉素和差向金霉素的ME值在121.3%~224.6%之间,具有基质增强作用,而其它6种目标化合物的ME值在110.0%~116.8%之间,可忽略。因此,为保证检测结果的准确性,本实验分别采用草莓酱和牛肉酱的空白基质标准曲线进行外标法定量检测。

    表  3  10种四环素类抗生素的基质效应
    Table  3.  Matrix effects of 10 tetracycline antibiotics
    四环素类抗生素基质效应(%)
    草莓酱牛肉酱
    二甲胺四环素278.7224.6
    差向四环素103.1144.0
    差向土霉素105.7116.0
    土霉素108.3121.3
    四环素100.0110.0
    去甲基金霉素105.8115.9
    差向金霉素105.0157.7
    金霉素112.6113.8
    甲烯土霉素103.6116.8
    强力霉素107.5114.8
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    按照1.2.1配制浓度为0.1、0.2、0.5、1、2、5、10、20、50、100 µg/L的基质标准溶液进行测定,以各目标化合物的质量浓度(X,μg/L)为横坐标,相应定量离子的峰面积(Y)为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,得到线性回归方程及相关系数(r)。结果表明,10种四环素类抗生素在各自浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均在0.999以上。分别以3倍信噪比(S/N=3)和10倍信噪比(S/N=10)计算得到各目标化合物的检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ),结果见表4表5

    表  4  草莓酱中10种四环素类抗生素的线性范围、线性回归方程、相关系数、检出限和定量限
    Table  4.  Linear ranges, regression equations, correlation coefficients, limits of detection and limits of quantification of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in strawberry jam
    四环素类抗生素线性范围
    (μg/L)
    线性方程相关系数
    r
    LOD
    (μg/kg)
    LOQ
    (μg/kg)
    二甲胺四环素0.5~100Y=77055.4X+2706.10.99910.180.62
    差向四环素0.5~100Y=26175.9X+1035.30.99990.200.68
    差向土霉素5.0~100Y=30679.2X+673.80.99991.434.76
    土霉素5.0~100Y=37038.8X+721.60.99991.745.80
    四环素0.2~100Y=43186.5X+411.90.99990.100.32
    去甲基金霉素5.0~100Y=16585.7X+1307.50.99991.846.15
    差向金霉素2.0~100Y=4295.3X+356.00.99931.093.64
    金霉素0.5~100Y=19538.4X+162.20.99960.160.53
    甲烯土霉素5.0~100Y=47178.3X+1514.80.99991.976.58
    强力霉素5.0~100Y=64119.8X+7425.80.99981.274.23
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    表  5  牛肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素的线性范围、线性回归方程、相关系数、检出限和定量限
    Table  5.  Linear ranges, regression equations, correlation coefficients, limits of detection and limits of quantification of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in beef sauce
    四环素类抗生素线性范围
    (μg/L)
    线性方程相关系数
    r
    LOD
    (μg/kg)
    LOQ
    (μg/kg)
    二甲胺四环素1.0~100Y=64429.1X+951.20.99980.381.26
    差向四环素0.5~100Y=39110.1X+100.10.99970.210.69
    差向土霉素2.0~100Y=40017.1X+5376.90.99990.993.31
    土霉素2.0~100Y=50436.8X+1717.30.99991.053.49
    四环素0.2~100Y=57174.1X+538.80.99990.090.31
    去甲基金霉素2.0~100Y=22809.6X+1751.80.99961.083.61
    差向金霉素5.0~100Y=7531.9X+600.80.99952.327.74
    金霉素0.5~100Y=29998.6X+863.60.99990.230.76
    甲烯土霉素10.0~100Y=70745.1X+4468.40.99993.9213.05
    强力霉素5.0~100Y=98020.5X+7603.90.99972.107.01
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    在草莓酱和牛肉酱空白基质样品中分别添加低、中、高三个不同加标水平的四环素类抗生素,前处理步骤按1.2.2进行,结果见表6。10种四环素类抗生素的平均回收率为70.0%~101.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~10.3%,精密度和准确度良好,适用于水果制品和肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素的残留检测。

    表  6  10种四环素类抗生素的加标回收率及相对标准偏差(n=7)
    Table  6.  Spiked recoveries and RSDs of 10 tetracycline antibiotics (n=7)
    四环素类
    抗生素
    加标水平
    75 µg/kg300 µg/kg750 µg/kg
    草莓酱 牛肉酱 草莓酱 牛肉酱 草莓酱 牛肉酱
    回收率(%)RSD(%)回收率(%)RSD(%)回收率(%)RSD(%)回收率(%)RSD(%)回收率(%)RSD(%)回收率(%)RSD(%)
    二甲胺四环素81.77.3 70.03.1 80.34.5 75.79.2 83.47.5 71.66.2
    差向四环素79.74.880.42.982.31.582.63.381.22.581.74.0
    差向土霉素71.54.570.26.679.71.070.93.777.63.072.62.9
    土霉素72.13.770.87.780.33.170.13.878.02.870.61.3
    四环素80.02.370.63.687.42.072.23.080.22.970.51.9
    去甲基金霉素79.91.782.13.887.61.581.59.479.54.780.96.5
    差向金霉素95.010.382.24.4101.09.487.010.197.49.988.61.8
    金霉素93.43.381.26.8100.21.780.22.180.31.782.66.8
    甲烯土霉素79.43.681.57.498.62.780.81.781.02.080.94.5
    强力霉素81.63.079.86.298.42.579.93.381.92.680.34.0
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    采用本实验优化好的前处理方法对市售的18份水果制品(其中包括3份草莓罐头、2份橘子罐头、5份黄桃罐头、2份苹果酱、3份蓝莓酱和3份草莓酱)和10份肉酱(包括5份牛肉酱、3份鸡肉酱和2份猪肉酱)样品进行检测,10种四环素类抗生素的检测结果均低于方法的检出限。

    使用0.2%甲酸乙腈提取,结合分散固相萃取净化,本研究建立了水果制品和肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素的UPLC-MS/MS检测方法。实验结果显示,10种四环素类抗生素在各自线性范围内具有良好的线性关系(r>0.999),在75、300和750 µg/kg三个不同加标水平下的平均回收率为70.0%~101.0%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~10.3%。该方法灵敏度高、准确度好,适用于水果制品及肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素的同步快速检测,进一步完善了四环素类抗生素监测体系。

  • 图  1   10种四环素类抗生素在ZORBAX Eclispse XDB-C18色谱柱上的提取离子流色谱图(50 μg/L)

    Figure  1.   Extracted ion chromatograms of 10 tetracycline antibiotics on a ZORBAX Eclispse XDB-C18 column (50 μg/L)

    图  2   10种四环素类抗生素在Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱上的提取离子流色谱图(50 μg/L)

    Figure  2.   Extracted ion chromatograms of 10 tetracycline antibiotics on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (50 μg/L)

    图  3   10种四环素类抗生素在ZORBAX SB-Aq色谱柱上的提取离子流色谱图(50 μg/L)

    Figure  3.   Extracted ion chromatograms of 10 tetracycline antibiotics on a ZORBAX SB-Aq column (50 μg/L)

    图  4   10种四环素类抗生素在流动相为纯水/甲醇中的总离子流图(50 μg/L)

    注:1:二甲胺四环素;2:差向四环素;3:差向土霉素;4:土霉素;5:四环素;6:去甲基金霉素;7:差向金霉素;8:金霉素;9:甲烯土霉素;10:强力霉素;图5同。

    Figure  4.   Total ion chromatograms of 10 tetracycline antibiotics using water/methanol as mobile phase (50 μg/L)

    图  5   10种四环素类抗生素的总离子流图(50 μg/L)

    Figure  5.   Total ion chromatograms of 10 tetracycline antibiotics (50 μg/L)

    图  6   提取剂的种类对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响

    Figure  6.   Effect of different extraction solvents on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics

    图  7   草莓酱中不同净化剂对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响

    Figure  7.   Effect of different adsorbents on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in strawberry jam

    图  8   草莓酱中PSA用量对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响

    Figure  8.   Effect of PSA dosages on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in strawberry jam

    图  9   牛肉酱中不同净化剂对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响

    Figure  9.   Effect of different adsorbents on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in beef sauce

    图  10   牛肉酱中C18用量对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响

    Figure  10.   Effect of C18 dosages on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in beef sauce

    表  1   10种四环素类抗生素的质谱参数

    Table  1   Mass spectrometric parameters of 10 tetracycline antibiotics

    序号四环素
    类抗生素
    母离子
    (m/z)
    子离子
    (m/z)
    去簇电压
    (V)
    碰撞能
    (eV)
    1二甲胺四环素458.1441.3*/423.1128.0/126.027.0/36.0
    2差向四环素445.2410.2*/427.063.0/80.027.2/18.8
    3差向土霉素461.2426.1*/443.189.1/89.827.0/18.5
    4土霉素461.2426.3*/444.062.1/49.930.3/23.0
    5四环素445.1410.2*/154.284.9/82.927.0/35.8
    6去甲基金霉素465.2448.2*/430.297.2/107.023.9/30.7
    7差向金霉素479.1462.1*/444.3101.0/97.324.2/30.4
    8金霉素479.1462.2*/444.092.8/90.124.2/30.0
    9甲烯土霉素443.1426.3*/380.995.9/102.023.2/31.3
    10强力霉素445.2428.2*/321.1102.0/93.025.0/24.0
    注:*为定量离子。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   含不同量甲酸的乙腈对10种四环素类抗生素回收率的影响

    Table  2   Effect of acetonitrile containing different amounts of formic acid on the recoveries of 10 tetracycline antibiotics

    四环素类
    抗生素
    回收率(%)
    0.1%甲酸
    乙腈
    0.2%甲酸
    乙腈
    0.3%甲酸
    乙腈
    0.4%甲酸
    乙腈
    0.5%甲酸
    乙腈
    二甲胺四环素46.568.235.030.321.2
    差向四环素60.484.780.883.285.8
    差向土霉素51.173.968.864.363.0
    土霉素49.871.565.767.060.4
    四环素64.479.860.455.450.1
    去甲基金霉素53.771.462.557.152.7
    差向金霉素92.099.5106.7102.4100.6
    金霉素60.674.968.459.952.4
    甲烯土霉素63.373.072.579.378.2
    强力霉素72.585.478.083.679.6
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   10种四环素类抗生素的基质效应

    Table  3   Matrix effects of 10 tetracycline antibiotics

    四环素类抗生素基质效应(%)
    草莓酱牛肉酱
    二甲胺四环素278.7224.6
    差向四环素103.1144.0
    差向土霉素105.7116.0
    土霉素108.3121.3
    四环素100.0110.0
    去甲基金霉素105.8115.9
    差向金霉素105.0157.7
    金霉素112.6113.8
    甲烯土霉素103.6116.8
    强力霉素107.5114.8
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   草莓酱中10种四环素类抗生素的线性范围、线性回归方程、相关系数、检出限和定量限

    Table  4   Linear ranges, regression equations, correlation coefficients, limits of detection and limits of quantification of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in strawberry jam

    四环素类抗生素线性范围
    (μg/L)
    线性方程相关系数
    r
    LOD
    (μg/kg)
    LOQ
    (μg/kg)
    二甲胺四环素0.5~100Y=77055.4X+2706.10.99910.180.62
    差向四环素0.5~100Y=26175.9X+1035.30.99990.200.68
    差向土霉素5.0~100Y=30679.2X+673.80.99991.434.76
    土霉素5.0~100Y=37038.8X+721.60.99991.745.80
    四环素0.2~100Y=43186.5X+411.90.99990.100.32
    去甲基金霉素5.0~100Y=16585.7X+1307.50.99991.846.15
    差向金霉素2.0~100Y=4295.3X+356.00.99931.093.64
    金霉素0.5~100Y=19538.4X+162.20.99960.160.53
    甲烯土霉素5.0~100Y=47178.3X+1514.80.99991.976.58
    强力霉素5.0~100Y=64119.8X+7425.80.99981.274.23
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   牛肉酱中10种四环素类抗生素的线性范围、线性回归方程、相关系数、检出限和定量限

    Table  5   Linear ranges, regression equations, correlation coefficients, limits of detection and limits of quantification of 10 tetracycline antibiotics in beef sauce

    四环素类抗生素线性范围
    (μg/L)
    线性方程相关系数
    r
    LOD
    (μg/kg)
    LOQ
    (μg/kg)
    二甲胺四环素1.0~100Y=64429.1X+951.20.99980.381.26
    差向四环素0.5~100Y=39110.1X+100.10.99970.210.69
    差向土霉素2.0~100Y=40017.1X+5376.90.99990.993.31
    土霉素2.0~100Y=50436.8X+1717.30.99991.053.49
    四环素0.2~100Y=57174.1X+538.80.99990.090.31
    去甲基金霉素2.0~100Y=22809.6X+1751.80.99961.083.61
    差向金霉素5.0~100Y=7531.9X+600.80.99952.327.74
    金霉素0.5~100Y=29998.6X+863.60.99990.230.76
    甲烯土霉素10.0~100Y=70745.1X+4468.40.99993.9213.05
    强力霉素5.0~100Y=98020.5X+7603.90.99972.107.01
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   10种四环素类抗生素的加标回收率及相对标准偏差(n=7)

    Table  6   Spiked recoveries and RSDs of 10 tetracycline antibiotics (n=7)

    四环素类
    抗生素
    加标水平
    75 µg/kg300 µg/kg750 µg/kg
    草莓酱 牛肉酱 草莓酱 牛肉酱 草莓酱 牛肉酱
    回收率(%)RSD(%)回收率(%)RSD(%)回收率(%)RSD(%)回收率(%)RSD(%)回收率(%)RSD(%)回收率(%)RSD(%)
    二甲胺四环素81.77.3 70.03.1 80.34.5 75.79.2 83.47.5 71.66.2
    差向四环素79.74.880.42.982.31.582.63.381.22.581.74.0
    差向土霉素71.54.570.26.679.71.070.93.777.63.072.62.9
    土霉素72.13.770.87.780.33.170.13.878.02.870.61.3
    四环素80.02.370.63.687.42.072.23.080.22.970.51.9
    去甲基金霉素79.91.782.13.887.61.581.59.479.54.780.96.5
    差向金霉素95.010.382.24.4101.09.487.010.197.49.988.61.8
    金霉素93.43.381.26.8100.21.780.22.180.31.782.66.8
    甲烯土霉素79.43.681.57.498.62.780.81.781.02.080.94.5
    强力霉素81.63.079.86.298.42.579.93.381.92.680.34.0
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1]

    YU J H, LIU H, WANG Y T, et al. Fluorescent sensing system based on molecularly imprinted phase-change microcapsules and carbon quantum dots for high-efficient detection of tetracycline[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2021,599:332−350. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.094

    [2] 赵晨曦. 功能化磁性高分子复合微球的制备及磁分散萃取牛奶中四环素类药物[D]. 保定: 河北大学, 2013

    ZHAO C X. Preparation of functionalized magnetic polymer microspheres for magnetic dispersion extraction of tetracyclines from milk samples[D]. Baoding: Hebei University, 2013.

    [3]

    MANUEL C C, MARÍA J F S, GUSTAVO F C, et al. Competitive adsorption and desorption of three tetracycline antibiotics on bio-sorbent materials in binary systems[J]. Environmental Research,2020,190:110003. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110003

    [4] 谭钺, 刘庆忠. 甜樱桃丛枝病的发生与防控[J]. 农村百事通,2018(16):29−30. [TAN Y, LIU Q Z. Occurrence and control of sweet cherry bush disease[J]. Nongcun Baishitong,2018(16):29−30.

    TAN Y, LIU Q Z. Occurrence and control of sweet cherry bush disease[J]. Nongcun Baishitong, 2018(16): 29-30.

    [5] 陈国庆, 鹿连明, 杜丹超, 等. 柑橘黄龙病防控技术研究进展[J]. 浙江柑橘,2012,29(3):20−27. [CHEN G Q, LU L M, DU D C, et al. Research progress in prevention and control of citrus huanglong disease[J]. Zhejiang Ganju,2012,29(3):20−27.

    CHEN G Q, LU L M, DU D C, et al. Research progress in prevention and control of citrus huanglong disease[J]. Zhejiang Ganju, 2012, 29(3): 20-27.

    [6] 吴玉晗. 牛奶中四环素和青霉素残留物免疫侧向层析检测方法研究[D]. 合肥: 合肥工业大学, 2020

    WU Y H. Study on immunolateral chromatography detection method of tetracycline and penicillin residues in milk[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2020.

    [7] 卜晓娜. 鸡肌肉中五种四环素类药物及三种代谢物多残留HPLC-MS/MS同时确证检测方法的研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2020

    BU X N. Studies on confirmation analysis of five tetracyclines and its three metabolites in chicken muscle via HPLC-MS/MS[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2020.

    [8]

    ZHANG L N, WANG Y L, JIA L, et al. Ultrasensitive and visual detection of tetracycline based on dual-recognition units constructed multicolor fluorescent nano-probe[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021,409:124935. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124935

    [9]

    LI Y, WANG Y, DU P Y, et al. Fabrication of carbon dots@hierarchical mesoporous ZIF-8 for simultaneous ratiometric fluorescence detection and removal of tetracycline antibiotics[J]. Sensors and Actuators:B. Chemical,2022,358:131526. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.131526

    [10]

    WANG W, DENG P Y, LIU X Q, et al. A CsPbBr3 quantum dots/ultra-thin BN fluorescence sensor for stability and highly sensitive detection of tetracycline[J]. Microchemical Journal,2021,162:105876. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105876

    [11]

    NABAVI M, HOUSAINDOKHT M R, BOZORGMEHR M R, et al. Theoretical design and experimental study of new aptamers with the enhanced binding affinity relying on colorimetric assay for tetracycline detection[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids,2022,349:118196. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118196

    [12]

    EIRINI M, VICTORIA F S, IOANNIS N P. Development of a high pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detection method for the determination of four tetracycline residues in milk by using quechers dispersive extraction[J]. Separations,2019,6(2):21−29. doi: 10.3390/separations6020021

    [13]

    MICHAEL P R, ROBERTO G P, LEONARDO P, et al. An overview of the main foodstuff sample preparation technologies for tetracycline residue determination[J]. Talanta,2018,182:1−21. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.058

    [14] 李依孜, 韩宣怡. 免疫分析法测定食品中四环素类药物残留[J]. 食品安全导刊,2021(22):68, 70. [LI Y Z, HAN X Y. Determination of tetracycline residues in food by immunoassay[J]. China Food Safety Magazine,2021(22):68, 70.

    LI Y Z, HAN X Y. Determination of tetracycline residues in food by immunoassay[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2021(22): 68, 70.

    [15]

    BU T, JIA P, SUN X Y, et al. Hierarchical molybdenum disulfide nanosheets based lateral flow immunoassay for highly sensitive detection of tetracycline in food samples[J]. Sensors and Actuators: B Chemical,2020,320:128440. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.128440

    [16]

    AGADELLIS E, TARTAGLIA A, LOCATELLI M, et al. Mixed-mode fabric phase sorptive extraction of multiple tetracycline residues from milk samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis[J]. Microchemical Journal,2020,159:105437. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105437

    [17]

    LEBEDINETS S, VAKH C, CHERKASHINA K, et al. Stir membrane liquid phase microextraction of tetracyclines using switchable hydrophilicity solvents followed by high-performance liquid chromatography[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2020,1615:460743. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460743

    [18] 张天姝, 杨慧杰, 孙世峰. 饲料中4种四环素类药物的检测 —高效液相色谱法[J]. 现代畜牧兽医,2016(10):16−20. [ZHANG T S, YANG H J, SUN S F. Simultaneous determination of 4 kinds of tetracycline in feed by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2016(10):16−20.

    ZHANG T S, YANG H J, SUN S F. Simultaneous determination of 4 kinds of tetracycline in feed by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2016(10): 16-20.

    [19] 杜洪淼. 蜂蜜中喹诺酮类、四环素类、氯霉素类抗生素的液相色谱-串联质谱测定法[J]. 广东化工,2020,47(11):202−205. [DU H M. Simultaneous determination of quinolones tetracyclines and chloramphenicolsin honey by UPLC-MS/MS[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry,2020,47(11):202−205.

    DU H M. Simultaneous determination of quinolones tetracyclines and chloramphenicolsin honey by UPLC-MS/MS[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2020, 47(11): 202-205.

    [20]

    RI H C, PIAO J S, CAI L, et al. A reciprocating magnetic field assisted on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of trace tetracyclines in water[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2021,1182:338957. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338957

    [21] 苏晶, 汤立忠, 陈长毅, 等. 高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定9种龙虾中氨基糖苷类和四环素类抗生素残留[J]. 食品工业科技,2016,37(2):60−63,67. [SU J, TANG L Z, CHEN C Y, et al. Simultaneous determination of nine aminoglycosides and tetracyclines antibiotics residues in crayfish by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2016,37(2):60−63,67.

    SU J, TANG L Z, CHEN C Y, et al. Simultaneous determination of nine aminoglycosides and tetracyclines antibiotics residues in crayfish by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2016, 37(2): 60-63, 67.

    [22] 陈琳, 黄雪玲, 孙建华. 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定养殖池塘沉积物中喹诺酮类、四环素类和磺胺类抗生素[J]. 水产科技情报,2017,44(4):181−186. [CHEN L, HUANG X L, SUN J H. Simultaneous determination of quinolones, tetracyclines and sulfonamides antibiotics in the sediments of farming ponds by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Fisheries Science & Technology Information,2017,44(4):181−186.

    CHEN L, HUANG X L, SUN J H. Simultaneous determination of quinolones, tetracyclines and sulfonamides antibiotics in the sediments of farming ponds by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Fisheries Science & Technology Information, 2017, 44(4): 181-186.

    [23] 崔敬鑫, 石秋俊, 王国民, 等. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定环境水样中的15种抗生素[J]. 环境化学,2020,39(4):1065−1074. [CUI J X, SHI Q J, WANG G M, et al. Simultaneous determination of 15 antibiotics in environmental water samples by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2020,39(4):1065−1074.

    CUI J X, SHI Q J, WANG G M, et al. Simultaneous determination of 15 antibiotics in environmental water samples by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, 39(4): 1065-1074.

    [24] 张蓓蓓, 孙慧婧, 吉鑫. 混合型离子交换反相吸附固相萃取柱串联萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定地表水中32种抗生素的含量[J]. 理化检验-化学分册,2022,58(8):893−901. [ZHANG B B, SUN H J, JI X. Determination of 32 antibiotics in surface water by mixed ion exchange reversed phase adsorption solid phase extraction column tandem extraction ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis (Part B:Chemical Analysis),2022,58(8):893−901.

    ZHANG B B, SUN H J, JI X. Determination of 32 antibiotics in surface water by mixed ion exchange reversed phase adsorption solid phase extraction column tandem extraction ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis(Part B: Chemical Analysis), 2022, 58(8): 893-901.

    [25]

    PATEL R V, YADAV A. Photocatalytic MIL101(Fe)/ZnO chitosan composites for adsorptive removal of tetracycline antibiotics from the aqueous stream[J]. Journal of Molecular Structure,2022,1252:132128. doi: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132128

    [26]

    SCARIA J, ANUPAMA K V, NIDHEESH P V. Tetracyclines in the environment: An overview on the occurrence, fate, toxicity, detection, removal methods, and sludge management[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2021,771:145291. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145291

    [27] 陈燕, 李康柏, 许均图, 等. 液相色谱串联质谱法检测水产品中17种抗生素残留量[J]. 现代食品,2021(9):201−204. [CHEN Y, LI K B, XU J T, et al. Study on the determination of 17 antibiotics residues in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Modern Food,2021(9):201−204.

    CHEN Y, LI K B, XU J T, et al. Study on the determination of 17 antibiotics residues in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Modern Food, 2021(9): 201-204.

    [28]

    SERESHTI H, SEMNANI JAZANI S, NOURI N, et al. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: Application for tetracyclines monitoring in milk[J]. Microchemical Journal,2020,158:105269. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105269

    [29] 罗瑞涟. 盐析液液萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定奶粉中四环素类抗生素[J]. 食品科学技术学报,2019,37(1):104−110. [LUO R L. Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled to UPLC-MS/MS for determination of tetracyclines in milk powder[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2019,37(1):104−110.

    LUO R L. Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled to UPLC-MS/MS for determination of tetracyclines in milk powder[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2019, 37(1): 104-110.

    [30] 吴明, 徐飞. 液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中的喹诺酮类和四环素类抗生素[J]. 食品工业科技,2019,40(3):249−253, 260. [WU M, XU F. Determination of quinolones and tetracyclines in egg by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2019,40(3):249−253, 260.

    WU M, XU F. Determination of quinolones and tetracyclines in egg by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2019, 40(3): 249-253, 260.

    [31] 朱文君, 张晓燕, 吴斌, 等. 蜂胶中四环素族药物残留检测方法研究[J]. 食品研究与开发,2016,37(3):135−138. [ZHU W J, ZHANG X Y, WU B, et al. Researches of detection for tetracycline drugs in propolis[J]. Food Research and Development,2016,37(3):135−138.

    ZHU W J, ZHANG X Y, WU B, et al. Researches of detection for tetracycline drugs in propolis[J]. Food Research and Development, 2016, 37(3): 135-138.

    [32] 李朔, 张璨, 马玲, 等. QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同步测定鱼肉制品中24种磺胺类抗生素[J]. 食品工业科技,2022,43(9):301−308. [LI S, ZHANG C, MA L, et al. Simultaneous determination of 24 sulfonamide antibiotics in fish products by QuEChERS with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2022,43(9):301−308.

    LI S, ZHANG C, MA L, et al. Simultaneous determination of 24 sulfonamide antibiotics in fish products by QuEChERS with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(9): 301-308.

    [33] 童兰艳, 肖昭竞, 李根容, 等. 超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定化妆品中14种美白活性成分[J]. 分析试验室,2022,41(1):96−102. [TONG L Y, XIAO Z J, LI G R, et al. Determination of 14 whitening active components in cosmetics by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory,2022,41(1):96−102.

    TONG L Y, XIAO Z J, LI G R, et al. Determination of 14 whitening active components in cosmetics by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory, 2022, 41(1): 96-102.

  • 期刊类型引用(2)

    1. 李军年,全威,娄爱华,刘焱,沈清武. 烟熏液辅助腌制液熏腊肉生产工艺优化及其对产品品质的影响. 肉类研究. 2024(02): 17-27 . 百度学术
    2. 张聪,韩秀丽,刘磊,段博文,王伟伟. 基于响应面法的烧结矿还原指数优化. 烧结球团. 2024(04): 1-9+18 . 百度学术

    其他类型引用(0)

图(10)  /  表(6)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  107
  • HTML全文浏览量:  32
  • PDF下载量:  18
  • 被引次数: 2
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-10-09
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-07-19
  • 刊出日期:  2023-09-07

目录

/

返回文章
返回
x 关闭 永久关闭