广东省市售干食用菌中元素含量分析与质量安全评价

沈霞; 郭新东

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080271

广东省市售干食用菌中元素含量分析与质量安全评价

沈霞,
郭新东

Elements Content and Safety Assessment of Dried Edible Fungi Sold in Guangdong Province

摘要

摘要: 目的：检测广东省市售18种干食用菌的26种元素含量并进行质量安全和健康风险评测。方法：采用电感耦合等离子体光谱法（ICP-OES）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）检测广东省市售18种干食用菌中Li、Be、B、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb等26种元素含量，并利用内梅罗综合污染指数评价法和靶标危害系数法对干食用菌质量安全等级及膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果：26种元素含量差异较大，其中K、Mg、Ca、Na、Al、Fe 6种元素含量较高，均大于100 mg/kg，Li、Be、Cr、Ni、As、Se、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Hg、Tl、Pb等元素含量较低，均小于1 mg/kg；大部分重金属含量均低于国家标准中安全限量值，铅、镉、汞、砷、铬的超标率分别为0.00%、11.12%、5.56%、2.78%、1.86%。干食用菌重金属内梅罗综合污染指数表明，红菇、牛肝菌均达到中度污染等级，姬松茸、羊肚菌、竹荪均达到轻度污染等级，榛蘑达到警戒等级，其余12种干食用菌均属于安全级别。重金属膳食暴露风险结果表明，不同年龄人群膳食摄入食用菌中铅、镉、汞、砷、铬的TTHQ值均小于1。结论：广东省市售18种干食用菌中K、Mg、Ca、Na等人体常量元素含量较高，Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr等重金属元素含量较低；广东省市售18种干食用菌总体水平是安全的，重金属膳食暴露风险水平较低。

Abstract: Objective: To detect the contents of 26 elements in 18 kinds of dried edible fungi sold in Guangdong Province and to evaluate the quality, safety and health risks of them. Methods: The contents of 26 elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb) in 18 kinds of dried edible fungi sold in Guangdong Province were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Nemero comprehensive pollution index evaluation method and target hazard quotients/total target hazard quotients (THQ/TTHQ) were used to evaluate the quality safety level of dry edible fungi and dietary exposure risk. Results: The contents of 26 elements varied greatly. The contents of K, Mg, Ca, Na, Al, Fe were higher than 100 mg/kg, while the contents of Li, Be, Cr, Ni, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg, Tl, Pb were lower than 1 mg/kg. The content of most heavy metals were lower than the safety limit in the national standard. The exceeding standard rates of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and chromium were 0.00%, 11.12%, 5.56%, 2.78% and 1.86%, respectively. The results of Nemero comprehensive pollution index showed that the level of pollution of Russula vinosa and Boletus edulis were moderate, the level of Agaricus blazeimuril, Morchella esculenta and Dictyophora indusiate were light, the level of pollution of Armillaria mellea was alert, and the other 12 kinds of dried edible fungi were safe. The results of heavy metal dietary exposure risk showed that the TTHQ values of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and chromium in edible fungi ingested by people of different ages were all less than 1. Conclusion: The contents of K, Mg, Ca, Na and other major elements in 18 kinds of dried edible fungi sold in Guangdong Province were high, while the contents of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr and other heavy metals were low. The overall level of 18 kinds of dried edible fungi sold in Guangdong Province were safe, and the risk level of heavy metal dietary exposure was low.

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