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中国精品科技期刊2020

鲜活虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率与肌肉品质的相关性

吴艺文, 赵曼曼, 尤孝鹏, 汪兰, 石柳, 丁安子, 吴文锦, 陈胜, 孙卫青, 熊光权

吴艺文,赵曼曼,尤孝鹏,等. 鲜活虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率与肌肉品质的相关性[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(12):29−36. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080201.
引用本文: 吴艺文,赵曼曼,尤孝鹏,等. 鲜活虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率与肌肉品质的相关性[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(12):29−36. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080201.
WU Yiwen, ZHAO Manman, YOU Xiaopeng, et al. Correlation between Respiratory Rate and Muscle Quality of Fresh Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(12): 29−36. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080201.
Citation: WU Yiwen, ZHAO Manman, YOU Xiaopeng, et al. Correlation between Respiratory Rate and Muscle Quality of Fresh Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(12): 29−36. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080201.

鲜活虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率与肌肉品质的相关性

基金项目: “十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFD0901001);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-46);湖北省青年拔尖人才培养计划项目(鄂组通〔2021〕17号)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    吴艺文(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:动物食品加工,E-mail:1055252131@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    孙卫青(1971−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:肉品加工与质量控制,E-mail:sunweiqing@yangtzeu.edu.cn

    熊光权(1965−),男,本科,研究员,研究方向:水产品保鲜与加工,E-mail:xiongguangquan@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TS254.4

Correlation between Respiratory Rate and Muscle Quality of Fresh Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

  • 摘要: 为探讨鲜活虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率与肌肉品质之间的相关性,研究了不同呼吸频率所对应的肌肉品质的变化。测定了乳酸、糖原、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)以及核苷酸类化合物含量和加压失水率。结果表明,随着呼吸频率的上升,糖原含量下降、丙二醛和核苷酸类化合物含量、加压失水率上升。当呼吸频率从83升至95次/min,乳酸含量由初始值1.46 mmol/g prot显著上升至2.37 mmol/g prot(P<0.01)。皮尔逊相关分析显示鲜活虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率与乳酸含量、MDA值、加压失水率呈现出极显著相关性(P<0.01),与糖原含量、AMP含量、IMP含量以及Hx和HxR总含量等肌肉品质呈现出显著相关性(P<0.05),相关系数分别为0.987、0.951、0.939、−0.897、0.847、0.896、0.882。这表明呼吸频率与肌肉品质具有强相关性,说明通过监测虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率变化可以对鲜活虹鳟鱼的肌肉品质进行初步预测。
    Abstract: In order to investigate the correlation between respiratory rate and muscle quality in fresh rainbow trout, the changes of muscle quality corresponding to different respiratory rates were analyzed. The contents of lactic acid, glycogen, malondialdehyde (MDA), nucleotide compounds and pressurized water loss rate were measured. The result showed that with the increase of respiratory rate, the content of glycogen decreased, the content of malondialdehyde and nucleotide compounds, the rate of pressure water loss increased. When the respiratory rate increased from 83 to 95 times/min, the lactic acid content increased significantly from 1.46 to 2.37 mmol/g prot (P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that respiratory rate of fresh rainbow trout was very significantly correlated with lactic acid content, MDA value and pressurized water loss rate (P<0.01), and significantly correlated with muscle quality such as glycogen content, AMP content, IMP content and total Hx and HxR content (P<0.05). The correlation coefficients were 0.987, 0.951, 0.939, -0.897, 0.847, 0.896, 0.882, respectively. This study indicated that there was a strong correlation between respiratory rate and muscle quality, and the muscle quality of fresh rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) could be preliminarily predicted by monitoring respiratory rate.
  • 虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)是我国养殖产量最高的鲑鳟鱼类[1],因其富含不饱和脂肪酸和人体必需氨基酸,口感细嫩、味道鲜美[2]而受到消费者喜爱,近年来逐渐占据市场。虹鳟鱼具有鲑鱼特有的风味,常被制成生鱼片食用[3]。虹鳟在被捕捞后离开适宜生存环境,从而导致生理状况快速改变、能量代谢途径改变,肌肉品质劣变[4-6]。鲜活虹鳟鱼肌肉品质的降低会影响其运输半径和养殖户的经济效益,因此在运输之前及时确定虹鳟鱼的肌肉品质显得尤为重要。

    通过多种肌肉品质指标的测定来判断鱼类肌肉品质已有报道。鲍守民等[7]建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆线性离子阱质谱联用仪(Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry, UPLC-Q-Trap-MS)结合化学计量学方法对不同大小虹鳟鱼肉中各游离氨基酸贡献值进行主成分分析,探讨各游离氨基酸含量对虹鳟鱼肉滋味贡献值,为虹鳟鱼肌肉品质的预测提供参考。该方法衍生物稳定,干扰因素较少,但是前处理繁琐、耗时长。吴永俊等[8]利用基本营养成分、呈味核苷酸、游离氨基酸和挥发性成分对虹鳟鱼肌肉风味物质进行检测,对各项肌肉品质指标进行综合评价来判断虹鳟鱼的肌肉品质。该方法检测指标丰富,从多角度评价肌肉品质可靠性高,但检测工作量大。孔德乾等[9]基于白度、嫩度、解冻损失率、核苷酸类化合物以及丙二醛 (Malondialdehyde,MDA)值等多重指标的测定量化评价鮰鱼片品质,能快速准确地对鮰鱼片品质进行评价。这些方法均能精准地对虹鳟鱼片的肌肉品质进行预测,但操作过程相对繁琐,对操作条件要求较高,无法普及,且无法对鲜活虹鳟鱼的肌肉品质做出评价。因此,对鲜活虹鳟鱼肌肉品质的快速无损预测成为了研究热点。

    呼吸运动是鱼类生理状况和能量代谢的综合反应[10],体重、饥饿与摄食以及水温、溶氧量、重金属含量等均能影响呼吸频率[11-12]。已有大量研究表明,当鱼离开适宜的生存环境,外在表现为频繁游动、呼吸频率加快[13],同时体内也会发生多种生理变化,如肌肉组织中活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)含量上升[14],糖原含量下降、乳酸累积,pH降低[15],持水性下降[16],MDA含量上升[17],三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine-5'- triphosphate, ATP)快速降解导致其降解产物迅速积累[18],最终导致肌肉品质的劣化。因此推测鱼的呼吸频率和肌肉品质之间可能存在一定的相关性,本实验通过测定鲜活虹鳟鱼在离池1 h内的呼吸频率的监测以及与肌肉品质相关指标(MDA值、乳酸含量、糖原含量、加压失水率、核苷酸类物质含量),利用皮尔逊相关性分析各指标的相关性,从而揭示鲜活虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率变化与其肌肉品质相关性。研究结果为鲜活虹鳟鱼肌肉品质的快速无损地初步预测提供参考。

    鲜活虹鳟 于2021年购于咸宁市崇阳县青山水库虹鳟鱼养殖基地,体质量为1.91±0.38 kg;三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine-5'-triphosphate,ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(adenosine-5'-diphosphate,ADP)、一磷酸腺苷(adenosine-5'-monophosphate,AMP)、肌苷酸(inosine-5'-monophosphate,IMP)、肌苷(inosine,HxR)、次黄嘌呤(hypoxanthine,Hx)标准品,DHE(Dihydroethidium)染液 美国Sigma公司;考马斯亮蓝G250、牛血清蛋白 美国Bio-Rad公司;糖原、乳酸、丙二醛试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;3-氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲基磺酸盐(Tricaine methane-sulfonate,MS-222) 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;其余试剂 均为分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。

    Ultimate 3000高效液相色谱仪 美国Thermo Fisher公司;Ultimate AQ-C18色谱柱 月旭科技股份有限公司;FJ-300S高速分散均质机 上海越磁科技有限公司;L5S紫外可见分光光度计 上海仪电分析仪器有限公司;Spark酶标仪 瑞士Tecan仪器公司;3K15高速离心机 德国Sigma公司;G2-B便携式pH计 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;YYW-2型应变控制式无侧限压力仪 南京土壤仪器有限公司;Nikon Eclipse Ti-SR型倒置光学显微镜 日本尼康株式会社。

    呼吸频率为1 min内虹鳟鱼鳃盖一张一合的次数,一张一合计为1 次。从4条虹鳟鱼由专业人士捕捞离开养殖池后被放至水箱开始计时,每间隔5 min记录一次每条虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率。当所有虹鳟鱼出现侧翻状态,停止观察。此时虹鳟鱼离池时间为42 min。

    根据预实验结果,实验分为6组,每组4条虹鳟鱼,每间隔7 min记录一次呼吸频率,并于该时间点用50 mg·L−1 MS-222麻醉一组虹鳟鱼,直至虹鳟鱼呈现麻醉状态。麻醉状态参考Uehara等[19]的判定方式。当虹鳟鱼处于完全麻醉状态时,进行剁尾、竖挂放血,迅速放置在冰上并取鱼背部两侧鳃盖后至尾鳍前部分的肌肉组织,部分鱼肉立即测定pH与加压失水率,剩余鱼肉迅速置于液氮速冻后于−80 ℃保存,待测。

    样品经冷冻切片后与用10 μmol·L−1磷酸缓冲盐溶液稀释好的二氢乙啶(Dihydroethidium,DHE)在37 ℃、避光条件下孵育30 min;在摇床上避光晃动洗涤3 次,每次5 min,用于脱色;滴加4,6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚染液 (2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride,DAPI)避光10 min,用于染核;重复洗涤步骤;抗荧光淬灭封片剂用于封片,随后使用Nikon Eclipse Ti-SR型倒置光学显微镜以便进行观察,用Nikon DS-U3 采集图像,用Image-J Pro Plus 6.0软件进行分析相对荧光强度。平均荧光强度(mean density)=光密度总和(Iod SUM)/面积总和(Area SUM)。

    糖原、乳酸的含量均采用相应试剂盒方法进行测定。其中,糖原、乳酸测定波长分别为620、530 nm。

    校正便携式pH计,清洗并擦拭探头,将探头直接插入样品内不同三个地方进行pH的测定。

    参考周俊鹏等[20]的方法,准备大小为4 cm×4 cm的形状规则的纱布,纱布质量记为m1,取形状约为立方体且质量为2.00±0.02 g的待测样品,纱布包裹样品,纱布与样品的总质量记为m2,置于16层滤纸的中心位置,随后放在YYW-2型应变控制式无侧限压力仪的加压板中心,立即加压至测力计的百分表读数为145,并将指针维持在此位置5 min后,取出样品,加压后纱布与样品的总质量记为m3。加压失水率按公式(1)计算。

    (%)=m2m3m2m1×100

    MDA含量采用相应试剂盒方法进行测定,MDA测定波长为532 nm。

    核苷酸类化合物的测定参考Zhu等[21]的方法进行测定。准确称取标准品配制浓度为1.00 mg/mL的标准储备液,其中Hx标准储备液浓度为0.05 mg/mL。用流动相配制混合标准溶液,使ATP、ADP、AMP、IMP、HxR的浓度梯度为0.20、0.50、1.00、5.00、15.00、40.00、100.00 μg/mL,Hx的浓度梯度为0.10、0.25、0.50、2.50、7.50、20.00、50.00 μg/mL,绘制标准曲线。各核苷酸类化合物含量按公式(2)计算。

    X=C×Vm×M

    式中:X为样品中核苷酸类化合物含量,μmol/g;C为标准工作液中ATP关联化合物质量浓度,μg/mL;V为样品提取液定容后体积,mL;m为称取样品质量,g;M为核苷酸类化合物的摩尔质量,其中AMP摩尔质量365 g/mol、IMP摩尔质量392 g/mol、Hx摩尔质量268 g/mol、HxR摩尔质量136 g/mol。

    测试采用反相高效液相色谱法,具体条件如下:检测器SPD-10A(V),色谱柱VP-CDS C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相0.05 mol·L−1磷酸盐缓冲液(NaH2PO4和Na2HPO4,pH6.8);流速1 mL·min−1、进样量50 μL、检测波长254 nm。

    采用Excel、SPSS 20.0、GraphPad Prism 5.01对实验数据进行处理、显著性分析、线性拟合、皮尔逊相关系数分析及作图,显著性水平设定为P<0.05。所有实验均独立重复3次。

    图1可知,离池时间为0时,虹鳟鱼的平均呼吸频率为78次/min;随着虹鳟鱼离开适宜生存环境被放至水箱的时间延长,呼吸频率随之上升,在离池时间45 min时呼吸频率为99次/min。通过线性拟合得到:该时间段与该呼吸频率下,俩者具有显著的线性相关(R2=0.9114)。这可能是由于随着在水箱中时间的延长,水体中的溶氧量减少、温度上升,鱼为了适应环境而加快呼吸使得更多的水通过鳃部,获取更多氧气[22]。何林强等[23]研究表明,拉萨裂腹鱼在一定温度范围内,呼吸频率随温度上升而增加,这是由于脱离适宜生存环境,通过增加呼吸频率摄取更多氧气是维持较高代谢速率的有效途径。

    图  1  虹鳟鱼呼吸频率与离池时间的相关性分析
    Figure  1.  Correlation analysis between the respiration frequency of rainbow trout and the time out of the pool

    ROS是需氧生物生命活动过程中的代谢产物及其衍生的含氧物质[24]。当鱼体处于适宜环境中,鱼体内ROS的产生和清除在抗氧化体系的帮助下保持动态平衡;当鱼体脱离适宜环境,体内平衡被打破,ROS的产生速率大于清除速率,ROS含量上升[25]。大量ROS的产生使得体内抗氧化体系的动态平衡被破坏,脂质、蛋白质和DNA等大分子物质产生氧化损伤,损失了营养价值,进而影响了鱼的肌肉品质[26]。由图2可知,随着虹鳟鱼呼吸频率上升,鱼体内的ROS含量随之增多,这表明随着离池时间的延长,呼吸频率的上升,鱼体内的抗氧化体系被破坏,清除体内自由基的能力减弱,过多的ROS累积会导致组织损伤[27]

    图  2  不同呼吸频率下虹鳟鱼肌肉中ROS的变化(DHE染色,200×)
    注:a:83次/min;b:85次/min;c:86次/min;d:92次/min;e:94次/min;f:95次/min。
    Figure  2.  Changes of ROS in rainbow trout muscles at different respiratory rates (DHE staining, 200×)

    糖原是维持生命活动的主要能量来源。当供氧不足时,鱼体进行糖酵解,分解糖原产生乳酸,分解糖原产生的能量物质用以维持机体新陈代谢,乳酸的累积导致肌肉的pH下降[28]。由图3可知,虹鳟鱼呼吸频率上升,肌肉中的糖原含量逐步下降,由初始的2.57 mg/g下降至2.26 mg/g;乳酸含量在鱼体内累积,由初始值1.46 mmol/g prot上升至2.37 mmol/g prot。Wu等[5]发现捕捞后直接宰杀的虹鳟鱼肌肉糖原含量为1.33 mg/g,当经过运输过程中热应激后,糖原含量会降至0.89 mg/g;捕捞后直接宰杀的虹鳟鱼肌肉乳酸含量为0.77 mmol/g prot,当经过运输过程中热应激后,乳酸含量升至1.39 mmol/g prot。与本实验的呈现趋势一致。这可能是由于随着呼吸频率的上升,虹鳟鱼体内逐渐以无氧呼吸为主,糖酵解增强。随着呼吸频率的上升,虹鳟鱼体内糖酵解途径增强,糖原消耗、乳酸累积。此外,大量ROS的产生也是糖原含量的降低的影响因素之一,Li等[29]研究表明ROS是导致糖原水平降低的重要介质,ROS抑制位于细胞膜上的Ca2+-ATPase酶活,细胞内Ca2+浓度升高,而细胞内Ca2+ 浓度的升高将促进糖酵解途径使得糖原含量降低、乳酸含量升高[30]

    图  3  不同呼吸频率下虹鳟鱼肌肉中能量代谢产物的变化
    Figure  3.  Changes of energy metabolites in rainbow trout muscle at different respiratory rates

    pH直接反映鱼肉酸碱性,可用于评价肌肉品质。pH迅速下降会导致肌纤维急剧收缩,肌内膜断裂、肌浆游离使得肌球蛋白变性,细胞内汁液流失、肌红蛋白和肌原纤维蛋白含量降低,色泽、持水性、嫩度和风味等加工品质发生显著劣变[31]。由图4a可知,pH在呼吸频率上升初期(呼吸频率为83、85次/min)以及末期(呼吸频率为94、95次/min)均呈现下降的趋势,与虹鳟鱼肌肉中乳酸含量的骤升的变化一致。彭玲等[32]在关于武昌鱼的保活运输过程中的肌肉品质的变化中研究发现,在运输6 h内,肌肉的pH随着运输时间的延长均呈现增加的趋势(P<0.05),但长时间的运输12、24 h后肌肉的pH会下降。这可能主要是无氧糖酵解过程中鱼肉乳酸的积累所致,磷酸肌酸途径合成ATP过程中产生的肌酸累积所致也有可能起到部分作用[33]

    图  4  不同呼吸频率下虹鳟鱼肌肉中加工品质的变化
    Figure  4.  Changes of processing quality in rainbow trout muscle at different respirations frequencies

    持水性是指当肌肉受到外力作用(加压、加热、冷冻等)保持原有水分的能力,直接影响到肌肉的口感、加工性、贮藏性等肌肉品质重要组成因素[34]。持水性采用加压失水率表示,由图4b表1可知,虹鳟鱼肌肉的加压失水率与呼吸频率呈现显著的相关性,加压失水率随着呼吸频率的上升而上升,当虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率分别为83、85、86、92、94、95次/min时,对应的加压失水率依次是31.84%、35.83%、36.25%、37.69%、40.55%和42.30%,表明随着呼吸频率的上升,肌肉的持水力下降,肌肉品质发生变化。这可能是由于随着呼吸频率的上升,虹鳟鱼体内糖酵解供能增加,无氧代谢逐渐占据主导地位,肌纤维类型发生转变,IIb型肌纤维比例升高、I型肌纤维比例降低,导致肌肉的持水能力下降[4]

    表  1  肌肉品质各指标与呼吸频率之间的相关性
    Table  1.  Correlation between the respiratory rate and indicators of rainbow trout
    呼吸频率
    (次/min)
    MDA
    乳酸糖原加压失水率AMP
    IMP
    Hx+HxR
    呼吸频率
    10.951**0.987**−0.897*0.939**0.847*0.896*0.882*
    MDA
    10.965**−0.946**0.952**0.938**0.819*0.801
    乳酸1−0.918**0.958**0.853*0.880*0.887*
    糖原
    1−0.898*−0.686−0.880*−0.765
    加压失水率
    10.935**0.7430.935**
    AMP
    10.6170.672
    IMP
    10.782
    注:−表示呈负相关;*表示显著相关,P<0.05;**表示极显著相关,P<0.01。
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    当ROS攻击生物膜中的多不饱和脂肪酸引起脂质过氧化,最终会被降解进而产生具有强生物毒性的MDA;因此MDA浓度是衡量机体自由基代谢和细胞损伤程度的敏感指标,是目前最能反映机体氧化损伤程度的指标之一[35]。因此,可以通过测定MDA的含量对肌肉品质进行初步预测。由图5可知,随着呼吸频率上升,虹鳟鱼肌肉中MDA含量呈现上升的趋势,当离池时间为45 min、呼吸频率为95次/min时,MDA含量高于离池时间为0、呼吸频率为83次/min时的虹鳟鱼体内MDA含量,表明虹鳟鱼体内的氧化损伤程度加剧。王博雅等[36]研究表明,当葛氏鲈塘鳢(Perccottus glenii)处于不适宜的环境中时,其肌肉中MDA的含量显著性上升。MDA含量的快速上升是由于大量增加的ROS破坏了鱼体内抗氧化体系的平衡,过剩的ROS破坏线粒体膜磷脂中不饱和脂肪酸双键而导致脂质过氧化[37]。实验结果表明,当虹鳟脱离适宜生存环境时,随着离池时间的延长,呼吸频率上升,自由基清除能力减弱,机体细胞损伤严重,MDA含量累积,脂质反应加剧,最终导致肌肉品质发生劣变。

    图  5  不同呼吸频率下虹鳟鱼肌肉中MDA含量的变化
    Figure  5.  Changes of MDA content in rainbow trout muscle at different respiratory rates

    核苷酸及其关联化合物与鱼肉的风味密切相关,IMP能增添鱼肉的甜味和鲜味,AMP能抑制苦味、产生甜味,且在低浓度(0.50~1.00 g·kg−1)下AMP与IMP能共同诱导鲜味的产生[38]。而Hx+HxR累积会导致良好风味的逐渐丧失同时使得鱼腥味增加[39]。由图6可知,含量最丰富的是IMP,其次是Hx+HxR,可能是因为鱼宰杀后核苷酸降解酶使ATP快速降解产生IMP,符合ATP降解途径[40]。随着呼吸频率的增加,核苷酸含量上升,其中上升速率最快的是Hx+HxR,增长了315.68%;AMP含量增长了115.32%,IMP含量增长了8.00 μmol·g−1。随着HxR+Hx含量的增加,鱼肉中腥味物质累积,风味不佳,肌肉品质下降。这表明随着呼吸频率的上升,虹鳟鱼体内ATP快速降解,Hx+HxR迅速累积,影响了肌肉品质。

    图  6  不同呼吸频率下虹鳟鱼肌肉中核苷酸化合物含量的变化
    Figure  6.  Changes of nucleotide compound content in rainbow trout muscle at different respiratory rates

    表1可知,虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率与MDA值、乳酸含量、加压失水率呈现出极显著相关性(P<0.01),糖原含量、AMP含量、IMP含量以及Hx+HxR总含量呈现出显著相关性(P<0.05),相关系数分别为0.951、0.987、0.939、−0.897、0.847、0.896、0.882。MDA值、乳酸含量、糖原含量、加压失水率、AMP含量、IMP含量以及Hx+HxR总含量均是肌肉品质相关指标,这些肌肉品质相关指标与呼吸频率呈现显著的线性相关,表明可以通过对虹鳟鱼呼吸频率的计数来表征离池1 h且呼吸频率在70~110次/min的虹鳟鱼肌肉品质的变化。

    本文研究了在不同呼吸频率下虹鳟鱼肌肉品质相关指标的变化情况,发现MDA含量、乳酸含量、加压失水率、AMP含量、IMP含量、Hx+HxR含量随着呼吸频率的上升而上升,糖原含量随着呼吸频率的上升而下降。用皮尔逊相关分析得出各指标与呼吸频率的相关性,结果表明呼吸频率与肌肉品质相关指标显著相关(P<0.05),其中MDA含量与呼吸频率极显著相关(P<0.01),MDA含量、乳酸含量、加压失水率、AMP含量、IMP含量、Hx+HxR含量与呼吸频率的相关系数分别为0.951、0.987、0.939、−0.897、0.847、0.896、0.882。说明通过监测虹鳟鱼的呼吸频率变化可以对鲜活虹鳟鱼的肌肉品质进行初步预测。

  • 图  1   虹鳟鱼呼吸频率与离池时间的相关性分析

    Figure  1.   Correlation analysis between the respiration frequency of rainbow trout and the time out of the pool

    图  2   不同呼吸频率下虹鳟鱼肌肉中ROS的变化(DHE染色,200×)

    注:a:83次/min;b:85次/min;c:86次/min;d:92次/min;e:94次/min;f:95次/min。

    Figure  2.   Changes of ROS in rainbow trout muscles at different respiratory rates (DHE staining, 200×)

    图  3   不同呼吸频率下虹鳟鱼肌肉中能量代谢产物的变化

    Figure  3.   Changes of energy metabolites in rainbow trout muscle at different respiratory rates

    图  4   不同呼吸频率下虹鳟鱼肌肉中加工品质的变化

    Figure  4.   Changes of processing quality in rainbow trout muscle at different respirations frequencies

    图  5   不同呼吸频率下虹鳟鱼肌肉中MDA含量的变化

    Figure  5.   Changes of MDA content in rainbow trout muscle at different respiratory rates

    图  6   不同呼吸频率下虹鳟鱼肌肉中核苷酸化合物含量的变化

    Figure  6.   Changes of nucleotide compound content in rainbow trout muscle at different respiratory rates

    表  1   肌肉品质各指标与呼吸频率之间的相关性

    Table  1   Correlation between the respiratory rate and indicators of rainbow trout

    呼吸频率
    (次/min)
    MDA
    乳酸糖原加压失水率AMP
    IMP
    Hx+HxR
    呼吸频率
    10.951**0.987**−0.897*0.939**0.847*0.896*0.882*
    MDA
    10.965**−0.946**0.952**0.938**0.819*0.801
    乳酸1−0.918**0.958**0.853*0.880*0.887*
    糖原
    1−0.898*−0.686−0.880*−0.765
    加压失水率
    10.935**0.7430.935**
    AMP
    10.6170.672
    IMP
    10.782
    注:−表示呈负相关;*表示显著相关,P<0.05;**表示极显著相关,P<0.01。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-08-18
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-04-18
  • 刊出日期:  2023-06-14

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