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中国精品科技期刊2020
陈雅恬,蔡雪梅,朱开宪,等. 开花蚕豆烹饪工艺优化及品质分析[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(11):219−229. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080141.
引用本文: 陈雅恬,蔡雪梅,朱开宪,等. 开花蚕豆烹饪工艺优化及品质分析[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(11):219−229. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080141.
CHEN Yatian, CAI Xuemei, ZHU Kaixian, et al. Optimization of Cooking Technology and Analysis of Quality of Flowering Vicia faba L. DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080141
Citation: CHEN Yatian, CAI Xuemei, ZHU Kaixian, et al. Optimization of Cooking Technology and Analysis of Quality of Flowering Vicia faba L. DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080141

开花蚕豆烹饪工艺优化及品质分析

Optimization of Cooking Technology and Analysis of Quality of Flowering Vicia faba L.

  • 摘要: 为优化开花蚕豆烹饪工艺,选取浸泡温度、浸泡时间、油炸温度和油炸时间4个工艺参数进行单因素和正交试验,并检测色差、质构、营养标签以及挥发性物质等指标。结果表明开花蚕豆最优工艺为:浸泡温度25 ℃、浸泡时间15 h、油炸温度180 ℃和油炸时间6 min。色差特征L*值71.05±1.22、a*值10.59±0.67、b*值29.31±1.46;质构特征酥脆性20.74±1.46 N、硬度26.67±1.33 N;营养标签每100 g开花蚕豆含能量1869.33±0.58 kJ、蛋白质18.83±0.40 g、脂肪26.93±0.21 g、碳水化合物33.40±0.10 g;GC-MS共检测出75种挥发性物质,主要为苯及其衍生物、醇类、烯烃类等,其中空白组37种、最优组40种,两组共有挥发性物质2种,空白组特征物质为对异丙基甲苯,最优组的特征性物质为1-异丙烯基-3-甲基苯;GC-IMS共检测出57种挥发性物质,主要为醇类、酯类、杂环类等,其中空白组44种、最优组42种,共有挥发性物质29种;蚕豆烹饪后醇类、醛类和酮类物质的种类和含量均有不同程度的下降,酯类和醚类物质有不同程度的上升,GC-MS和GC-IMS检测结果一致。此工艺优化下的开花蚕豆色泽金黄,酥脆可口,具有丰富的风味物质。

     

    Abstract: In order to optimize the cooking technology of flowering broad beans, four processing parameters including soaking temperature, soaking time, frying temperature and frying time were selected for single factor and orthogonal optimization experiments, and the indexes of color difference, texture, energy and nutrition, and volatile substances were detected. The results showed that the optimal process for producing flowering broad beans were: Soaking temperature 25 ℃, soaking time 15 h, frying temperature 180 ℃ and frying time 6 min. Color difference characteristics: L* 71.05±1.22, a* 10.59±0.67, b* 29.31±1.46, texture characteristics: Crispness 20.74±1.46 N, hardness 26.67±1.33 N, nutritional label: Each 100 g of flowering broad beans contained 1869.33±0.58 kJ of energy, 18.83±0.40 g of protein, 26.93±0.21 g of fat, 33.40±0.10 g of carbohydrate. The GC-MS test results showed that there were 75 volatile substances in the two groups of samples, mainly benzene and its derivatives, alcohols, olefins, etc, including 37 in the blank group, 40 in the optimal group, and 2 kinds of volatile substances in the two groups. The characteristic substance of the blank group was p-isopropyltoluene, and the characteristic substance of the optimal group was 1-isopropenyl-3-methylbenzene. The GC-IMS test results showed that there were 57 volatile substances in the two groups of samples, mainly alcohols, esters and heterocyclic, etc, including 44 in the blank group, 42 in the optimal group, and 29 kinds of volatile substances in the two groups. After processing, the types and contents of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones decreased in varying degrees, while esters and ethers increased in varying degrees. The results of GC-IMS and GC-MS were consistent. The flowering broad beans under the optimized technology are golden in color, crisp and delicious, and rich in flavor substances.

     

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