Abstract: Siraitiae Fructus is one of the commonly used medicinal and edible herbs in China. Modern pharmacological studies have found that mogroside is one of the important active components of Siraitiae Fructus, there are a variety of biological activities in disease prevention, health care and treatment. It has been widely applicated in food additives, anti-aging, sports nutrition supplements, anti-inflammatory agents, sore throat products, intestinal flora regulators, new drug carriers, etc.. However, there are problems such as insufficient product development depth, low purity and in-depth exploration of pharmacological mechanisms. In this paper, the relevant literature in the past recent years is retrieved, and the biological activity of mogroside on blood sugar regulation, lipid lowering, anti-oxidative stress, anti-fatigue, liver protection, anti-hepatic fibrosis, anti-inflammatory, improving lung function, protecting nerves, anti-cancer and promoting reproduction development and other biological functions, as well as the development of new products for mogroside applications are reviewed, in order to provide a reference for further research on mogroside and the development of related products.