Effect of Cold Dormancy Combined with Film Packaging on Quality and Metabolism of Crassostrea gigas during Ecological Ice Temperature Keep Alive
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摘要: 为优化牡蛎流通作业模式，探明不同保活前处理方式对牡蛎无水保活期活力、品质的影响，本研究模拟实际产业运输，将采捕后的太平洋牡蛎冷链运输到销售地，经过人工海水复苏、净化后，分别采用散装处理以及低温诱导休眠结合薄膜包裹，2种不同保活前处理方式处置后，在生态冰温(0 ℃)条件下进行无水保活；分别测定不同保活时间下牡蛎存活率、质量损失率、菌落总数和大肠菌群以及肌肉品质的变化规律。结果表明，冷休眠薄膜组牡蛎在生态冰温条件下无水保活9 d，其存活率仍高于95%；质量损失率为3.95%，显著优于散装处理组（P<0.05）；各组牡蛎在保活9 d后菌落总数、大肠菌群均符合国际限量标准，其中冷休眠结合薄膜包裹处理对牡蛎微生物生长繁殖抑制作用较为显著（P<0.05）；随着保活时间的延长，散装组牡蛎L*值、∆E值劣变速率显著快于冷休眠薄膜组（P<0.05）；硬度、弹性、胶黏性、咀嚼性也同样显示散装组牡蛎下降速率更为明显；保活9 d后，散装组牡蛎TVB-N含量增加了2.4倍，冷休眠薄膜组TBA值略有上升，肌肉品质显著优于散装组（P<0.05）；微观组织结构也同样显示冷休眠薄膜组牡蛎肌肉结构紧密程度更好。研究表明，与净化后散装处理相比，冷休眠结合薄膜包裹的保活前处理方式能有效提升活体牡蛎在流通过程中存活率，减缓肌肉品质劣变速率，该保活前处理模式明显优于目前国内电商普遍采用的活体太平洋牡蛎流通作业模式。Abstract: To optimize the oyster circulation operation mode and investigate the effects of different pre-treatment methods on the vitality and quality of oysters during the anhydrous preservation period, the actual industrial transportation was simulated, the harvested Crassostrea gigas were transported by cold chain to the place of sale, after artificial seawater recovery and depuration, they were treated in bulk and low temperature induced dormancy with film wrapping respectively and then treated under ecological ice temperature (0 ℃) for waterless preservation. The survival rate, weight loss rate, total bacterial count and coliform and muscle quality of oyster were measured. The results showed that the survival rate of oysters in the cold dormant film group was still higher than 95% when they were kept in ecological ice temperature without water for 9 d. The weight loss rate was 3.95%, which was significantly better than that of the bulk treatment group (P<0.05); the total bacterial count and coliform in all groups of oysters met the international limits after 9 d. The inhibition of the growth and reproduction of microorganisms of oysters treated by cold dormancy combined with film wrapping was more obvious (P<0.05); with the extension of the preservation time, the rate of deterioration of L* and ∆E values of oysters in bulk treatment group was significantly faster than that of the cold dormant film group (P<0.05); the rate of decline in adductor muscle hardness, elasticity, adhesion and chewiness was also more pronounced in the bulk treatment group. After 9 d of preservation, the TVB-N content of oysters in the bulk treatment group increased by 2.4 times; TBA values increased slightly in the cold dormant film group and the quality of muscle was significantly better than that of the bulk treatment group (P<0.05) while the microstructure also showed a better compactness of oyster muscle in the cold dormant film group. The study shows that compared with the bulk treatment after purification, the cold dormancy with film wrapping pre-treatment can effectively improve the survival rate of live oysters in circulation and slow down the rate of muscle quality deterioration, this preservation pre-treatment mode is significantly better than the live Crassostrea gigas circulation mode commonly adopted by domestic e-commerce nowadays.
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图 1 太平洋牡蛎前处理工序及模拟保活流通流程图
Figure 1. Flow chart of Crassostrea gigas pre-treatment process and simulated keep-alive transportation
图 2 不同前处理方式对牡蛎生态冰温保活期存活曲线的影响
Figure 2. Effect of different pre-treatments on the survival curve of Crassostrea gigas during ecological ice temperature keep alive
图 4 不同前处理方式对牡蛎生态冰温保活期菌落总数（a）、大肠菌群（b）的影响
Figure 4. Effect of different pre-treatments on total bacterial count (a), coliform group (b) of Crassostrea gigas during ecological ice temperature keep alive
图 5 不同前处理方式对牡蛎生态冰温保活期L*（a）、∆E（b）的影响
Figure 5. Effect of different pre-treatments on L* (a), ∆E (b) value of Crassostrea gigas during ecological ice temperature keep alive
图 6 不同前处理方式对牡蛎生态冰温保活期质构特性的影响
Figure 6. Effect of different pre-treatments on texture properties of Crassostrea gigas during ecological ice temperature keep alive
图 7 不同前处理方式对牡蛎生态冰温保活期pH的影响
Figure 7. Effect of different pre-treatments on pH of Crassostrea gigas during ecological ice temperature keep alive
图 8 不同前处理方式对牡蛎生态冰温保活期TVB-N的影响
Figure 8. Effect of different pre-treatments on TVB-N value of Crassostrea gigas during ecological ice temperature keep alive
图 9 不同前处理方式对牡蛎生态冰温保活期TBA的影响
Figure 9. Effect of different pre-treatments on TBA value of Crassostrea gigas during ecological ice temperature keep alive
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