Abstract: Structured lipids are a new class of lipids recombined by combining fatty acids with special physiological functions at specific positions on the triglyceride backbone. Enzymatic catalyzed synthesis of structured lipids has attracted attention due to its mild reaction conditions, low energy consumption, simple separation and purification process, and the ability to synthesize functional fatty acids at specific acyl positions. However, with the increase of use times of lipases in industry, the catalytic activity of lipase decreases significantly, resulting in a decrease in the production of target structural lipids. This paper reviews the structure change, activity change and decreasing catalytic activity mechanisms of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of structured lipids in China and outside China in recent years. It found that the decrease of enzyme activity is mainly due to the destruction of the catalytic active center by strong or weak intermolecular interaction. This study provides a reference for solving the technical bottleneck of reducing lipase activity in the enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids.