Advances in Extraction and Functional Studies of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides
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摘要: 棉籽糖家族寡糖（Raffinose family oligosaccharides，RFOs）是α-蔗糖的1, 6-半乳糖基延伸物，是一种植物非结构性碳水化合物，主要包括棉籽糖、水苏糖、毛蕊花糖，普遍存在于植物界中。其中，在豆科植物、地黄、水苏、草石蚕等植物中较为常见，属于功能性低聚糖。RFOs因具备调节肠道菌群、预防炎症性肠病、保护肝脏、降血糖等活性功能，在功能性食品开发中的应用潜力巨大。本文主要综述RFOs的来源，RFOs提取、分离、纯化相关技术的研究，以及RFOs的功能性，以期为RFOs的开发和利用提供一定的理论参考，使其能够更好地应用于功能性食品当中。Abstract: Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are 1, 6-galactosyl extensions of α-sucrose, and are plant non-structural carbohydrates, mainly including raffinose, stachyose and verbasose, which are commonly found in the plant kingdom middle. Among them, it is more common in legumes, Rehmannia glutinosa, Stachys japonica Miq., Stachys sieboldii and other plants, and belongs to functional oligosaccharides. RFOs have great potential in functional food development due to their active functions of regulating intestinal flora, preventing inflammatory bowel disease, protecting liver and lowering blood sugar. This article mainly reviews the sources of RFOs, the current research on the relevant technologies of extraction, separation and purification of RFOs, and the function of RFOs, expecting to provide some theoretical reference for the development and utilization of RFOs and enable them to be better applied in functional food.
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Key words:
- raffinose family oligosaccharides /
- source /
- extract /
- separation and purification /
- function
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图 1 常见棉籽糖家族低聚糖的分子结构
Figure 1. Molecular structure of common raffinose family oligosaccharides
图 2 肠道菌群调节宿主血糖的信号机制
Figure 2. Signaling mechanism of intestinal flora regulating host blood glucose
表 1 不同植物中RFOs的种类及含量
Table 1. Species and content of RFOs in different plants
纲 样品 RFOs各组分含量（mg/g） 总含量（mg/g） 棉籽糖 水苏糖 毛蕊花糖 双子叶植物 大豆[14] 5.73 33.44 1.11 40.28 双子叶植物 红豆[14] 1.42 26.98 2.22 30.62 双子叶植物 白芸豆[14] 3.57 37.23 0.97 41.77 双子叶植物 绿豆[14] 2.61 11.56 19.17 33.34 双子叶植物 水苏[14] 17.03 364.45 10.05 426.19 双子叶植物 生地黄[14] 36.03 225.56 19.50 373.40 双子叶植物 草石蚕[15] 27.20 433.80 - 461.00 双子叶植物 黑豆[13] 4.88 36.85 0.48 42.21 双子叶植物 扁豆[13] 2.57 27.38 13.50 43.45 双子叶植物 鹰嘴豆[13] 6.40 21.93 0.41 28.74 双子叶植物 绿豌豆[13] 8.83 37.67 15.60 62.10 双子叶植物 黄豌豆[13] 13.44 38.72 10.88 63.04 双子叶植物 黑眼豌豆[13] 3.57 51.13 4.85 59.55 双子叶植物 奶油豌豆[13] 5.64 35.99 0.93 42.56 双子叶植物 甜瓜[17] 0.36 0.31 未检出 0.67 双子叶植物 莲子[16] 174.70 272.10 未检出 446.80 双子叶植物 黄瓜[18] 1.65 1.97 未检出 3.62 单子叶植物 葱[19] 17.30 未检出 未检出 17.30 注：“-”表示未检出。 
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