不同养殖模式金刚虾（斑节对虾）肌肉营养成分比较分析

崔茜; 王伟; 谢益韬; 陈强; 蔡章印; 黄永春

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022010148

不同养殖模式金刚虾（斑节对虾）肌肉营养成分比较分析

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022010148

崔茜^1,,
王伟¹,
谢益韬¹,
陈强¹,
蔡章印²,
黄永春^1, ,

1.
集美大学水产学院，福建厦门 361021
2.
龙海市顺源水产科技有限公司，福建龙海 363100

基金项目: 福建省科技厅高校产学合作重大项目（2017N5012）；福建省科技特派员后补项目（2021S2001）。

详细信息

作者简介:
崔茜（1995−），女，硕士，研究方向：水产动物健康养殖，E-mail：1007869960@qq.com

通讯作者:
黄永春（1966−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：对虾良种选育与健康养殖，E-mail：ychuang@jmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S963
计量
- 文章访问数: 112
- HTML全文浏览量: 50
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-18
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-23

Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Composition in the Muscle of Penaeus monodon in Different Culture Models

1.
Fisheries College, Jimei Univercity, Xiamen 361021, China
2.
Longhai Shunyuan Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd., Longhai 363100, China

摘要

摘要: 探究金刚虾（Penaeus monodon）不同养殖模式下肌肉营养成分的组成，旨在为后续产业精加工提供理论依据，并根据需要选择合适模式的金刚虾。以低盐土池养殖（盐度：8.3‰，简称低盐土池组）、低盐高位池养殖（盐度：7.8‰，简称低盐高位池组）和高盐高位池（盐度：23.4‰，简称高盐组）养殖3种养殖模式下的金刚虾为试验对象，通过对肌肉营养成分的分析比较，研究金刚虾肌肉在不同养殖模式下的营养差异。结果表明，在常规营养成分方面，高盐组金刚虾肌肉水分含量显著低于低盐高位池组和低盐土池组(P<0.05)，低盐高位池组粗蛋白含量显著低于高盐组和低盐土池组(P<0.05)，高盐组粗脂肪、灰分含量最高，与其他两组差异显著(P<0.05)。在氨基酸组成方面，3种养殖模式饲养的金刚虾肌肉均含17种氨基酸，高盐组金刚虾肌肉必需氨基酸含量、鲜味+甜味氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量均最高。在必需氨基酸评价方面，高盐组金刚虾肌肉必需氨基酸总量（2336.27 mg/g N）和必需氨基酸指数（76.15）最高，低盐高位池组次之，低盐土池组最低。在脂肪酸组成方面，共检测出17种脂肪酸，3种养殖模式下金刚虾肌肉中均为C16:0（棕榈酸）含量最高，EPA+DHA的含量以高盐组最高。结果表明，高盐高位池养殖模式下的金刚虾肌肉营养成分齐全，具有较高的食用价值。
- 金刚虾 /
- 养殖模式 /
- 营养成分 /
- 氨基酸 /
- 脂肪酸
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the composition of muscle nutrients in different culture models of P. monodon, and to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent industrial finishing and select the appropriate model of P. monodon according to the needs. Farming in low-salt soil ponds (salinity: 8.3‰, referred to as low-salt soil pond group), low-salt intensive pond culture (salinity: 7.8‰, referred to as low-salt intensive pond group) and high-salt intensive pond (salinity: 23.4‰, referred to as high-salt group) ,the P. monodon under three culture modes were tested, and the nutritional differences of the muscles of P. monodon under different cultivation modes were analyzed and compared through the analysis and comparison of muscle nutrients. The results showed that in terms of conventional nutrients, the muscle water content of P. monodon in the high-salt group was significantly lower than that of the low-salt intensive pond group and the low-salt soil pond group (P<0.05), the crude protein content of the low-salt intensive pond group was significantly lower than that of the high-salt group and the low-salt soil pond group (P<0.05), the high-salt group had the highest crude fat, ash content, significantly different from the other two groups (P<0.05). In terms of amino acid composition, the muscles of P. monodon raised in the three breeding modes all contain 17 amino acids. The high-salt group of P. monodon muscle had the highest content of essential amino acids, delicious+sweet amino acid content, and total amino acids. In terms of the evaluation of essential amino acids, the total essential amino acids (2336.27 mg/g N) and essential amino acid index (76.15) of the muscle of P. monodon in the high-salt group were the highest, followed by the low-salt intensive pond group, and the low-salt soil pond group were the lowest. In terms of fatty acid composition, a total of 17 fatty acids were detected. Under the three culture modes, the content of C16:0 (palmitic acid) in the muscle of P. monodon was the highest, and the content of EPA+DHA was the highest in the high-salt group. The results showed that the muscle nutrients of P. monodon under the high-salt intensive pond culture model are complete, with high edible value.
- Penaeus monodon /
- culture model /
- nutrient composition /
- amino acid /
- fatty acid

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表 1 不同养殖模式信息

Table 1. Different culture modes information

养殖模式	盐度	水深（m）	面积（亩）	放养密度（万尾/亩）	样本数	体长（mm）	体质量（g）
低盐土池养殖	8.3‰	1.5	3	1~2	30	166.74±9.13	30.99±5.35
低盐高位池养殖	7.8‰	3	1	15~20	30	171.44±8.72	37.18±6.21
高盐高位池养殖	23.4‰	3	1	20~25	30	169.44±7.41	34.16±3.62

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表 2 不同养殖模式下金刚虾肌肉常规营养组成分析（湿质量%）

Table 2. Analysis of conventional nutritional composition of muscle of P. monodon in different culture modes (wet weight %)

项目	低盐土池组	低盐高位池组	高盐组
水分	76.35±0.36^a	76.60±0.30^a	75.62±0.14^b
粗蛋白	21.38±0.12^a	20.34±0.25^b	21.51±0.35^a
粗脂肪	0.30±0.04^b	0.17±0.01^c	0.36±0.01^a
灰分	1.71±0.05^b	1.64±0.02^b	2.01±0.04^a
注：同行不同字母代表差异显著（P<0.05），表3 同。

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表 3 不同养殖模式下金刚虾肌肉氨基酸组成分析（g/100 g）

Table 3. Analysis of amino acid composition of muscle of P. monodon in different culture modes (g/100 g)

氨基酸种类	低盐土池组	低盐高位池组	高盐组
天门冬氨酸（Asp）^§	8.46±0.05^a	8.36±0.07^b	8.52±0.02^a
苏氨酸（Thr）^＊	3.35±0.01^a	3.29±0.02^b	3.33±0.02^a
丝氨酸（Ser）	3.36±0.02^a	3.25±0.03^b	3.25±0.02^b
谷氨酸（Glu）^§	14.89±0.08^a	14.24±0.10^b	14.26±0.04^b
甘氨酸（Gly）^＃	6.80±0.02^b	6.38±0.03^c	9.84±0.16^a
丙氨酸（Ala）^＃	5.28±0.03^b	5.58±0.05^a	4.86±0.02^c
胱氨酸（Cys）	0.78±0.06^a	0.82±0.02^a	0.77±0.06^a
缬氨酸（Val）^＊	3.66±0.02^a	3.61±0.03^b	3.59±0.01^b
蛋氨酸（Met）^＊	1.97±0.00^c	2.05±0.02^b	2.16±0.03^a
异亮氨酸（Ile）^＊	3.35±0.04^b	3.36±0.03^ab	3.41±0.01^a
亮氨酸（Leu）^＊	6.29±0.05^a	6.20±0.05^b	6.34±0.01^a
酪氨酸（Tyr）	2.91±0.02^b	2.88±0.02^b	2.98±0.02^a
苯丙氨酸（Phe）^＊	3.33±0.04^b	3.29±0.02^b	3.42±0.01^a
赖氨酸（Lys）^＊	6.89±0.07^ab	6.81±0.06^b	6.98±0.01^a
组氨酸（His）	1.61±0.01^a	1.59±0.01^a	1.55±0.01^b
精氨酸（Arg）	8.06±0.02^b	7.54±0.07^c	8.89±0.05^a
脯氨酸（Pro）	5.08±0.08^b	5.35±0.03^a	4.83±0.06^c
必需氨基酸总量∑EAA	28.85±0.22^a	28.59±0.22^b	29.17±0.05^a
氨基酸总量∑TAA	86.08±0.43^b	84.59±0.64^c	88.91±0.33^a
鲜味+甜味氨基酸总量∑DAA	35.43±0.16^b	34.56±0.24^c	37.48±0.22^a
注：^＊表示人体必需氨基酸；^§表示鲜味氨基酸；^＃表示甜味氨基酸；∑EAA为必需氨基酸总量；∑DAA为鲜味+甜味氨基酸总量；∑TAA为氨基酸总量。

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表 4 不同养殖模式下金刚虾肌肉必需氨基酸含量的比较（mg/g N）

Table 4. Comparison of essential amino acid in muscle of P. monodon in different culture modes (mg/g N)

必需氨基酸	低盐土池组	低盐高位池组	高盐组	FAO/WHO 模式	全鸡蛋蛋白模式
苏氨酸	231.61	236.56	235.89	250	292
缬草氨酸	253.04	259.57	254.31	310	411
异亮氨酸	231.61	241.59	241.56	250	331
亮氨酸	434.86	445.80	449.12	440	534
赖氨酸	476.35	489.66	494.46	340	441
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸	190.12	206.36	207.56	220	386
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸	431.41	443.64	453.37	380	565
总量	2248.99	2323.17	2336.27	2190	2960

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表 5 不同养殖模式下金刚虾肌肉必需氨基酸评分（AAS）、必需化学评分（CS）的比较

Table 5. Comparison of essential amino acid scores (AAS) and essential chemical scores (CS) for the muscles of P. monodon in different culture modes

必需氨基酸	低盐土池组		低盐高位池组		高盐组
必需氨基酸	氨基酸评分	化学评分	氨基酸评分	化学评分	氨基酸评分	化学评分
苏氨酸	0.93	0.79	0.95	0.81	0.94	0.81
缬氨酸	0.82^*	0.62^**	0.84^*	0.63^**	0.82^*	0.62^**
异亮氨酸	0.93	0.70	0.97	0.73	0.97	0.73
亮氨酸	0.99	0.81	1.01	0.83	1.02	0.84
赖氨酸	1.40	1.08	1.44	1.11	1.45	1.12
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸	0.86^**	0.49^*	0.94^**	0.53^*	0.94^**	0.54^*
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸	1.14	0.76	1.17	0.79	1.19	0.80
必需氨基酸指数	73.24		75.92		76.15
注：^表示第一限制性氨基酸；^*表示第二限制性氨基酸。

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表 6 不同养殖模式下金刚虾肌肉脂肪酸组成分析（%）

Table 6. Analysis of fatty acid composition in muscle of P. monodon in different culture modes (%)

脂肪酸种类	低盐土池组	低盐高位池组	高盐组
C14:0	0.30±0.01^a	0.24±0.01^b	0.35±0.00^a
C15:0	0.35±0.01^a	0.32±0.01^a	0.22±0.00^b
C16:0	20.87±0.03^b	21.30±0.16^a	19.64±0.04^c
C16:1n7c	1.01±0.04^a	0.59±0.06^b	0.97±0.00^a
C17:0	1.25±0.02^a	1.26±0.01^a	0.80±0.00^b
C18:0	11.14±0.01^a	11.21±0.16^a	10.53±0.00^b
C18:1n9c	14.50±0.01^a	13.42±0.04^b	12.37±0.01^c
C18:2n6c	19.57±0.01^b	20.42±0.02^a	18.03±0.04^c
C18:3n3c	0.85±0.02^a	0.89±0.01^a	0.66±0.01^b
C20:0	0.20±0.00^a	0.19±0.00^a	0.20±0.00^a
C20:1n9c	0.44±0.00^c	0.48±0.01^b	0.59±0.02^a
C20:2n6c	0.97±0.01^b	1.12±0.02^a	1.10±0.00^a
C20:4n6c	3.98±0.04^a	3.76±0.05^b	3.57±0.00^c
C22:0	0.33±0.02^a	0.20±0.02^b	0.24±0.00^b
C20:5n3c	9.02±0.01^c	9.85±0.08^b	13.41±0.01^a
C24:1n9c	0.24±0.00^a	0.12±0.00^b	0.24±0.00^a
C22:6n3c	12.45±0.00^c	12.59±0.01^b	13.76±0.03^a
其他	2.51±0.08^b	2.05±0.06^c	3.32±0.03^a
总饱和脂肪酸∑SFA	34.45±0.06^b	34.72±0.01^a	31.98±0.04^c
总单不饱和脂肪酸∑MUFA	16.19±0.05^a	14.60±0.09^b	14.17±0.02^c
总多不饱和脂肪酸∑PUFA	46.85±0.01^c	48.63±0.04^b	50.53±0.03^a
EPA+DHA	21.48±0.01^c	22.44±0.07^b	27.16±0.04^a
注：∑SFA（总饱和脂肪酸）包含C14:0、C15:0、C16:0、C17:0、C18:0、C20:0、C22:0；∑MUFA（总单不饱和脂肪酸）包含C16:1n7c、C18:1n9c、C20:1n9c、C24:1n9c；∑PUFA（总多不饱和脂肪酸）包含C18:2n6c、C18:3n3c、C20:2n6c、C20:4n6c、C20:5n3c、C22:6n3c。

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