Abstract: Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease with excessively high level of uric acid in blood. It is triggered by the disorder of purine metabolism and/or uric acid excretion in human, and the purine-rich and fructose-rich diets and purine was confirmed to induce the hyperuricemia. In recent years, some reports have shown that there is a close connection between hyperuricemia and gut microbiota, namely the patients with hyperuricemia have a gut microbiota disorder and decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria. Rational diet and probiotics intake have been confirmed to regulate intestinal microbiota effectively, maintain homeostasis, and promote intestinal purine and uric acid metabolism. Thus, gut microbiota is considered as a target for future preventation of hyperuricemia. In the review, the feature and pathogenesis of hyperuricemia, the induction of diet on hyperuricemia, the association between hyperuricemia and gut microbiota, and the regulation strategies of gut microbiota on hyperuricemia are summarized. This review would provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperuricemia and gout in the future.