Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria are widespread in nature, with rich species diversity, and are widely used in the food, feed and clinical medicine. Currently, the majority of probiotics are lactic acid bacteria. Recently, the whole-genome sequencing is booming, which has greatly promoted the development and application of LAB. Based on the whole genome information of lactic acid bacteria, it can systematically and comprehensively understand the metabolic characteristics, potential probiotic functions and application directions of strains, and can more accurately explore the inheritance, evolution and classification of lactic acid bacteria. The safety evaluation procedure of lactic acid bacteria requires searching whether there are genes related to drug resistance, virulence, and pathogen at the genome level, and determining whether the related genes can be transferred horizontally. It can efficiently and completely determine the genetic stability of lactic acid bacteria in the process of industrial application, using whole-genome sequencing technology to compare the differences of genomes of different generations strains. Reconstruction of the genome-scale metabolic network model can predict the behavior of organisms under specific conditions and systematically guide metabolic engineering of microbial. This article reviews the application status of whole-genome sequencing in metabolic characteristics, genetic, evolution, safety and stability of lactic acid bacteria, aiming to provide theoretical support for the genome of lactic acid bacteria.