Abstract: With the development of society and the increasing incidence of many chronic metabolic diseases, ketogenic diet(KD) has been paid more and more attention as a potential, clinical and nutritional adjuvant therapy. At present, there are an increasing number of clinical applications of ketogenic diet as an adjuvant intervention therapy which has a regulating effect on glucose metabolism and has achieved positive results. In this paper, the physiology of ketosis, the basis and safety of ketogenic diet are summarized. From the perspective of metabolism, the advances of the clinical application research of ketogenic diet in the prevention and adjuvant treatment of intractable epilepsy and several representative chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cancer are introduced, which provides reference ideas for the development of clinical nutrition assisted medical treatment in China.