Abstract: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass, osteopenia, and bone microstructure degradation. The cause is that the activity of osteoclasts is greater than that of osteoblasts, resulting in bone resorption greater than bone formation. The current method of treating osteoporosis is mainly through calcium supplementation or drug treatment, but it would be accompanied by disadvantages such as poor absorption, insignificant effect, and large side effects. Plant natural active ingredients have the characteristics of wide sources, abundant structure and less adverse reactions. They could be used as new methods to prevent and treat osteoporosis. This article summarizes the anti-osteoporosis effects of osteoporosis and plant active ingredients. Through the analysis of related signal pathways, transcription factors, protein expression and other aspects, the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of plant active ingredients and related clinical research are described. On this basis, the anti-osteoporosis products of medicinal and edible plants are introduced, aiming to provide theoretical support for the development of new drugs and functional foods.