Abstract: In order to explore the antioxidant effect of the British red kidney bean antioxidant peptide components, ultrafiltration and dextran gel G-15 chromatography technology were used to classify the antioxidant products prepared by alkaline protease enzymatic hydrolysis of the British red kidney bean antioxidant protein, and the effect of components with higher antioxidant activity on PC12 cells damaged by H₂O₂ was studied. The results showed that the antioxidant peptide component BRKBAPC-2 could alleviate the cell growth inhibitory effect of H₂O₂ on PC12. With the increasing of peptide concentration, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) extracellular activity were all reduced, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) were all increased, especially when the concentration of BRKBAPC-2 was 200 μg/mL, ROS level was 32.53%, MDA content was 0.96 nmol/μg prot, LDH extracellular activity was 202.12 U/L, compared with the model group, they were significantly reduced (P<0.01). SOD activity was (555.48±3.64) U/mg prot, CAT activity was (14.77±1.30) U/mL, and GSH content was (140.88±8.19) μmol/g prot, compared with the model group, they were significantly improved (P<0.01). In addition, the BRKBAPC-2 with 200 μg/mL could inhibite the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, improve cell cycle resistance, prevent the activation of the key enzymes Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 of cell apoptosis. It could be seen that the antioxidant peptide component BRKBAPC-2 had a certain protective effect on the oxidative damage of PC12 cells caused by H₂O₂.