Abstract: Inflammation is a defensive response of the body to various inflammatory factors and injuries, and it is also a key factor in the occurrence of many chronic diseases. The research shows that oligosaccharides have many physiological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-biosis, anti-oxidation and anti-cancer. As a new type of functional sugar source, oligosaccharides have the characteristics of low calories, high solubility and promotion of bifidobacterial proliferation. In this article, the types and preparation methods of oligosaccharides with anti-inflammatory activity in recent years are introduced, and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms are reviewed from two aspects of inflammatory mediators and inflammatory signaling pathways, in order to provide the reference for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.