Abstract: Human micro-ecosystem interacts with the host,and plays an important role to maintain their health. Diet,environment,or other unfavorable factors could implicate the micro-ecosystem by which to influence the resistance of host against various infection decreases. Probiotics are defined as "good microorganisms",mainly containing microbes from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Probiotics can alter the micro-ecosystem positively and play an active role to maintain the health of gut,vaginal reproduction and oral. As a result,the products made up with probiotics are becoming widespread.The concern of consumers to probiotics is increasing.Furthermore,the stability of products,as a live bacteria preparation,has attracted much attention.This study was conduct to review the specific mechanisms and effects of probiotics to regulate micro-ecosystems and to maintain health,and to outline the problems and corresponding solutions which appearduring application. This study can deepening the understanding of probiotics function and provide new ideas for its industrial application.