Abstract: Siraitia grosvenorii is not only a new type of functional sweetener,but also a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with multiple physiological functions. This paper firstly analyzes the growth characteristics of Siraitia grosvenorii,the classification,the biological activity,the development and the application status of its functional components. Secondly,analyzes the digestion,absorption,metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties of Siraitia grosvenorii and its active components based on a plenty of researches. Finally,focuses on the effects of Siraitia grosvenorii and its functional components on the abnormal effects of glucose and lipid metabolism in animals and human body and analyzes its possible molecular mechanisms at the cellular level. This paper provides a solid theoretical guidance and reliable molecular basis for the further research and development of Siraitia grosvenorii and its functional components,especially its wide application in clinical practice.