Abstract: Tartary buckwheat is a traditional Chinese crop that contains a variety of biologically active substances,including polyphenols,proteins,polysaccharides,and so on,of which is known for the high flavonoid contents. Tartary buckwheat exhibits a variety of health benefits such as antioxidant activity,anti-cancer,anti-hypertension,hypoglycemic effect and cholesterol-lowering,through the nature of active substances and their interaction with each other. Tartary buckwheat has become an important health food raw material,which is gradually understood and accepted by people. This paper mainly seeked to explore deeply tartary buckwheat from the two aspects of tartary buckwheat active substances and health effects. In order to provide reference for the further development and utilization of bitter buckwheat,it reviewed the research status of active substances and health effects in bitter buckwheat at home and abroad.