Abstract: The stability of bioactive compounds was extremely unstable under the progress of food processing and storage,such as high temperature,high ionic intensity,acidic or alkaline conditions. Meanwhile,the bioactive compounds could easily degraded when it directly exposed to the gastrointestinal tract environment,and their bioavailability could significantly decreased,which prohibit its application in food industry. Therefore,how to effectively encapsulate bioactive compounds has become a hot scientific research. Electrospinning technology is an emerging active substances embedding technology. Nanofibers prepared by this technology have potential application value in the food industry. This article mainly introduced the principle,influencing factors and types of electrospinning. The electrospinning of natural polysaccharide and protein of matrix construct bioactive compounds conveying system(nanofibers)and its application were reviewed systematically. Meanwhile,the preparation process of nanofibers,influencing factors and their improvement methods were introduced in detail. Finally,the application prospect of electrospinning in the field of food science was prospected.