Abstract: To qualitatively identify and compare aroma components in new- style Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated by Astragalus membranaceus residues and commercially available Pleurotus ostreatus. Simultaneous distillated extraction( SDE) and gas chromatograph- mass spectrometer( GC- MS) were applied to analysis the aroma ingredients.The results showed that 38,19,22,22 kinds of aroma constituents were identified in new- style and three commercially available Pleurotus ostreatus,respectively. The main aroma compounds in four Pleurotus ostreatus were greater different and only five common aroma ingredients but with content difference in them,namely,1,1- diethoxy- ethane( 0.71% ~ 37.6%),1- octen- 3- ol( 1.23% ~ 17.78%),3- octanone( 0.67% ~ 20.27%),3- octanol( 2.63%~30.68%) and( 1E,3E,12Z)-nonadecatriene-5,14-diol( 0.75% ~1.19%).The chief aroma compositions in new- style Pleurotus ostreatus were tetra- methylthiourea( TMTU,26.36%),butylated hydroxytoluene( BHT,21.55%),N / S and furane compounds( 27.74% and 1.86%),which was significantly different from commercially available Pleurotus ostreatuses.The data displayed that the new- style Pleurotus ostreatus had distinctive fragrance and antioxidant aroma ingredients of higher content. GC- MS was able to detect aroma components of Pleurotus ostreatus for quality control.