Abstract: Heavy metal pollution problem caused by the development of industrial science and technology was significant,which have exerted serious threat to the ecological balance and human health. How to resolve the problem of heavy metal pollution was one of the emphasis of the current environmental protection. In this paper,the physical,chemical and biological method for the removal of heavy metals were reviewed,and the significant advantage of microbiological method on reducing heavy metal were pointed out. The microbial scavengers and its action mechanism were then elaborated. Afterwards,the application results of microbial treatment at home and abroad were investigated. Finally,the existing deficiencies and suggestions on further study of the proposed microorganism bioremoval technology were discussed.