Abstract: Biological materials such as cellulose and chitosan are widely distributed in nature,with obvious advantages of renewable,non-toxic and compatibility. However there are,some shortcomings,such as poor hydrophilicity of cellulose,low strength of chitosan,which limits the use and development of a single component in many areas. The cellulose/chitosan composite can improve their single components of biocompatibility,biodegradability and antibacterial properties,thus expanding the scope of applications of the single components.In this review,the preparation and modification of cellulose/chitosan composite were summarized based on related literature reported in recent years.In addition,the application of cellulose/chitosan composite in many fields,such as food industry,pharmaceuticals industry and heavy metal adsorption,was preliminarily stated. This review was expected to provide a reference for further development of preparation process and application of cellulose /chitosan composite.