Abstract: Mogrosides, a complex of dozens of cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides in Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C.Jeffery, are the primary active components. Increasing studies have evidenced that mogrosides are not only low-calorie natural sweeteners, but also possess a variety of biological activities, such as antioxidant, hypoglycemia and antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-fatigue, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, etc. This review aimed to highlight the main biological activities, in order to provide some reference for developing functional food of mogrosides.