Abstract: The concentrations of heavy metals in fish collected from Bengbu market were measured. The method of single factor pollution index, comprehensive pollution index and target hazard quotient were used to assess pollution levels and food safety of heavy metals in fish. The results showed that the fish of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg and As element's concentrations in fish were 0.098, 1.133, 10.365, 0.470, 0.045, 0.106, 0.029mg·kg-1, respectively, which were lower than the hygiene standards of foods. The single factor pollution index assessment showed that the content of Catfish's Cd and Pb could be categorized as the beganning of pollution. The Cd started pollution in Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus. The Hg started pollution in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and the As started pollution in Parabramis pekinensis. However, other elements could be regarded as cleanning levels. The comprehensive pollution index method evaluation showed that the Catfish for light clean, other fish could be regarded as the clean level. Adults and children's single heavy metals health risk index was less than 1, the danger of heavey mental on people was not obvious. Fish heavy metal compound health risk index was below 1. That was to say, Bengbu market fish's edible safety was good.