Abstract: Dendrobium officinale is a valuable homologous resource of medicine and food in China, which has rich health value. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide is one of the important active ingredients in Dendrobium officinale. Therefore, research on development of the extraction, separation and purification, composition of monosaccharides, molecular weight of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides are summarized in this review, and the effect of lowering blood sugar and improving diabetic complications, protecting of gastric mucosal injury, anti-tumor, regulating microecology are also discussed. In view of the current situation of polysaccharide content affected by many factors, poor repeatability of separation and purification, unclear structure analysis, and less in-depth structure-activity relationship of Dendrobium officinale, the future research views of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides are put forward in order to provide useful reference for the development and utilization of Dendrobium officinale.