Comparative Study on the Structural Characterization and Cosmetic-related Activities of Three Rose Polysaccharides

Hetian rose polysaccharides, Kushui rose polysaccharides and Pingyin rose polysaccharides were extracted and obtained respectively, and the crude polysaccharide yield and polysaccharide content were determined. The polysaccharide structure was characterized using ion chromatograph, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser scattering method. Cosmetic-related activities were analyzed using in vitro antioxidant, prebiotic and tyrosinase inhibition assays. The results showed that the crude polysaccharide yield of Hetian rose was higher than that of Kushui rose and Pingyin rose (P<0.05), and the polysaccharide content in the crude polysaccharide of Pingyin rose was lower (P<0.05). All three rose polysaccharides contained 11 types of monosaccharide residues (with different molar ratios), including Glc, Ara, Gal and Fru. Their weight-averaged molecular weights ranged from 4.376×10⁵ to 5.841×10⁵ Da (dispersity index: 1.35~1.72). They were all pyranose containing α and β configurations. They all had non-triple helical spiral structures and multi-branched. The activity evaluation experiments showed that all three rose polysaccharides had good antioxidant activity, prebiotic effect and tyrosinase inhibition activity. Among the three rose polysaccharides, Pingyin rose polysaccharide had strong ABTS⁺ and DPPH free radical scavenging activities (P<0.05), while Hetian rose polysaccharide had strong tyrosinase inhibition activity (P<0.05). Therefore, the three rose polysaccharides were similar in structure, and their structural differences led to slight differences in biological activities. The three types of rose polysaccharides had good development and application prospects in the field of cosmetic functional foods.