Research on the Identification of Matheran Wine Region in the East Foot of Helan Mountain

Objective: To explore the feasibility of using stable carbon and oxygen isotopes and mineral elements in small-scale regional wine production identification, the fractionation characteristics of stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in wine of Matheran single wine from different sub-producing areas at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia were studied. Methods: Forty-five samples of Massellan single wine from 5 sub-producing areas of Hongsipu, Qingtongxia, Yongning, Helan, and Zhenbeipu were selected to analyze the mineral element contents and the values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O. The fisher linear discriminant analysis method was used to establish a wine region discriminant model based on stable isotopes and mineral elements. Result: Carbon and oxygen stable isotopes exhibited significant fractionation during wine fermentation, with a total δ¹³C>ethanol δ¹³C>glycerol δ¹³C, and the three showed a certain degree of homology. The order of the δ¹⁸O size was grape juice δ¹⁸O>wine δ¹⁸O>water δ¹⁸O. As、B、K、Li、Mn、Ni、Pb、Rb、Sb、Sr、Ti and Cs showed significant differences between some production areas (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, Ba, Ca and other 13 mineral elements among different regions (P>0.05). The accuracy rate of origin discrimination based on stable carbon and oxygen isotopes was only 40%, while the accuracy rates based on mineral elements and carbon and oxygen stable isotopes combined with mineral elements were both 95.6%. Conclusion: Mineral elements can distinguish wine samples from different sub-producing areas effectively. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes cannot be used to identify the producing areas of wine from different small-scale regions.