TANG Liqin, LIU Haocheng, WEN Jing, et al. Research Progress on Extraction, Purification and Pharmacological Activity of Gardenia Yellow Pigment[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(15): 428−435. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021080113.
Citation: TANG Liqin, LIU Haocheng, WEN Jing, et al. Research Progress on Extraction, Purification and Pharmacological Activity of Gardenia Yellow Pigment[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(15): 428−435. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021080113.

Research Progress on Extraction, Purification and Pharmacological Activity of Gardenia Yellow Pigment

More Information
  • Received Date: August 10, 2021
  • Available Online: May 29, 2022
  • Gardenia is a kind of medicinal and edible plant resource. Gardenia yellow pigment is an active ingredient isolated from gardenia fruit and belongs to natural water-soluble carotenoids. Studies have shown that gardenia yellow pigment has multiple active functions such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, and lowering blood sugar and blood pressure. Therefore, it has great development potential in the fields of food and medicine. However, the current research on the pharmacological activity of gardenia yellow pigment is not systematic enough, and it is necessary to analyze and summarize it in detail. This article briefly reviewed the extraction and purification methods of gardenia yellow pigment, such as traditional solvent extraction, ultrasonic extraction, column chromatography, and membrane separation, and so on. On this basis, the pharmacological activity of gardenia yellow pigment was systematically discussed, and its mechanism of treatment of diseases was summarized, in order to provide theoretical guidance for the in-depth research and application of gardenia yellow pigment.
  • [1]
    HAN Y, WEN J, ZHOU T, et al. Chemical fingerprinting of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis by HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS combined with chemometrics methods[J]. Food Chemistry,2015,188:648−657. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.039
    [2]
    CORAN S A, MULAS S, VASCONI A. Profiling of components and validated determination of iridoids in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit by a high-performance-thin-layer-chromatography/mass spectrometry approach[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2014,1325:221−226. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.001
    [3]
    XIAO W, LI S, WANG S, et al. Chemistry and bioactivity of Gardenia jasminoides[J]. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis,2017,25(1):43−61. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.005
    [4]
    LI N, FAN M, LI Y, et al. Stability assessment of crocetin and crocetin derivatives in gardenia yellow pigment and gardenia fruit pomace in presence of different cooking methods[J]. Food Chemistry,2020,312:126031. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126031
    [5]
    刘和平. 水栀子药材质量标准及其黄色素制备和质控研究[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2018.

    LIU Heping. Study on the quality standard of Gardenia jasminoides and its yellow pigment preparation and quality control[D]. Guangzhou: Jinan University, 2018.
    [6]
    张鹤. 亚临界萃取栀子功能成分及活性研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江农林大学, 2015.

    ZHANG He. Study on functional components and activities of subcritical extraction of gardenia[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 2015.
    [7]
    WU J, ZHANG J, YU X, et al. Extraction optimization by using response surface methodology and purification of yellow pigment from Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans Makikno[J]. Food Science & Nutrition,2021,9(2):822−832.
    [8]
    YANG B, LIU X, GAO Y. Extraction optimization of bioactive compounds (crocin, geniposide and total phenolic compounds) from Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) fruits with response surface methodology[J]. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies,2009,10(4):610−615. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2009.03.003
    [9]
    邹立君. 栀子黄色素的提取及抗氧化性研究[D]. 武汉: 湖北工业大学, 2017.

    ZOU Lijun. Study on the extraction and antioxidant properties of gardenia yellow pigment[D]. Wuhan: Hubei University of Technology, 2017.
    [10]
    涂华, 张燕军, 陈碧琼. 热回流法与微波辅助法提取栀子黄色素的比较[J]. 中国调味品,2012,37(6):103−105. [TU Hua, ZHANG Yanjun, CHEN Biqiong. Comparison of extraction of gardenia yellow pigment between hot reflux method and microwave-assisted method[J]. China Seasoning,2012,37(6):103−105. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-9973.2012.06.026

    TU Hua, ZHANG Yanjun, CHEN Biqiong. Comparison of extraction of gardenia yellow pigment between hot reflux method and microwave-assisted method[J]. China Seasoning, 2012, 37(6): 103-105. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-9973.2012.06.026
    [11]
    JUN S J, CHUN J K. Design of U-column microwave-assisted extraction system and its application to pigment extraction from food[J]. Trans IChemE,1998:231−235.
    [12]
    XU W, YU J, FENG W, et al. Selective extraction of gardenia yellow and geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides by mechanochemistry[J]. Molecules,2016,21(5):540. doi: 10.3390/molecules21050540
    [13]
    FENG J, HE X, ZHOU S, et al. Preparative separation of crocins and geniposide simultaneously from gardenia fruits using macroporous resin and reversed-phase chromatography[J]. Journal of Separation Science,2014,37(3):314−322. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201300601
    [14]
    周厚宁, 刘超, 贺圣文, 等. 栀子黄色素提取精制工艺的优化[J]. 山东农业科学,2018,50(9):134−138. [ZHOU Houning, LIU Chao, HE Shengwen, et al. Optimization of the extraction and purification process of gardenia yellow pigment[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2018,50(9):134−138.

    ZHOU Houning, LIU Chao, HE Shengwen, et al. Optimization of the extraction and purification process of gardenia yellow pigment [J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 50(9): 134-138.
    [15]
    任治军. 栀子黄色素和京尼平甙的提取、纯化工艺研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院研究生院, 2005.

    REN Zhijun. Study on the extraction and purification process of gardenia yellow pigment and geniposide[D]. Beijing: Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2005.
    [16]
    王先敏. 栀子黄色素和栀子苷的富集纯化工艺及抗氧化、抗缺氧运动性疲劳的活性研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州理工大学, 2017.

    WANG Xianmin. Study on the enrichment and purification process of gardenia yellow pigment and geniposide and their anti-oxidation and anti-hypoxic exercise fatigue activities[D]. Lanzhou : Lanzhou University of Technology, 2017.
    [17]
    CHOI H, PARK Y S, KIM M G, et al. Isolation and characterization of the major colorant in gardenia fruit[J]. Dyes and Pigments,2001,49(1):15−20. doi: 10.1016/S0143-7208(01)00007-9
    [18]
    姚立霞. 栀子黄色素提取及精制工艺的研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽农业大学, 2008.

    YAO Lixia. Study on extraction and refining technology of gardenia yellow pigment[D]. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University, 2008
    [19]
    郑光耀, 闫林林. 一种栀子黄色素的提取方法: CN112724703A[P]. 2021.

    ZHENG Guangyao, YAN Linlin. An extraction method of gardenia yellow pigment , CN112724703A[P]. 2021.
    [20]
    郭晶莹. 多级双水相同步分离栀子苷和栀子黄: CN201510396431.9[P]. 2015.

    GUO Jingying. Synchronous separation of geniposide and gardenia yellow by multi-stage two aqueous phases: CN201510396431.9[P]. 2015.
    [21]
    李宏文, 文雁君, 李林正, 等. 一种栀子果高效提取高度纯化栀子黄色素的工艺: CN201610133863.5[P]. 2016.

    LI Hongwen, WEN Yanjun, LI Linzheng, et al. An efficient extraction process for highly purified gardenia yellow pigment from gardenia fruits: CN201610133863.5[P]. 2016.
    [22]
    刘超, 孙金月, 程安玮, 等. 一种高色价栀子黄色素的提取方法: CN201810539230.3[P]. 2019.

    LIU Chao, SUN Jinyue, CHENG Anwei, et al. Method for extracting high color value gardenia yellow pigment: CN201810539230.3 [P]. 2019.
    [23]
    聂斡, 贺义昌, 黄丽莉, 等. 栀子中提取纯化栀子黄色素的方法: CN201510770392.4[P]. 2016.

    NIE Wu, HE Yichang, HUANG Lili, et al. Method for extracting and purifying gardenia yellow pigment from gardenia: CN201510770392.4[P]. 2016.
    [24]
    YANG H J, PARK M, LEE H S. Antioxidative activities and components of Gardenia jasminoides[J]. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology,2011,43(1):51−57. doi: 10.9721/KJFST.2011.43.1.051
    [25]
    陈丽萍, 王先敏, 李茂星, 等. 栀子中抗氧化的活性成分研究[J]. 华西药学杂志,2018,33(2):179−182. [CHEN Liping, WANG Xianmin, LI Maoxing, et al. Study on the antioxidant active ingredients in Gardenia[J]. West China Pharmaceutical Journal,2018,33(2):179−182.

    CHEN Liping, WANG Xianmin, LI Maoxing, et al. Study on the antioxidant active ingredients in Gardenia[J]. West China Pharmaceutical Journal, 2018, 33(2): 179-182.
    [26]
    SHANG Y, ZHANG Y, CAO H, et al. Comparative study of chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of Zhizi fruit extracts from different regions[J]. Heliyon,2019,5(12):e2853.
    [27]
    SOEDA S, OCHIAI T, SHIMENO H, et al. Pharmacological activities of crocin in saffron[J]. Journal of Natural Medicines,2007,61(2):102−111. doi: 10.1007/s11418-006-0120-9
    [28]
    CHEN Y, ZHANG H, LI Y, et al. Crocin and geniposide profiles and radical scavenging activity of gardenia fruits (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) from different cultivars and at the various stages of maturation[J]. Fitoterapia,2010,81(4):269−273. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.09.011
    [29]
    CHEN Y, ZHANG H, TIAN X, et al. Antioxidant potential of crocins and ethanol extracts of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Crocus sativus L.: A relationship investigation between antioxidant activity and crocin contents[J]. Food Chemistry,2008,109(3):484−492. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.09.080
    [30]
    CHEN L, QI Y, YANG X. Neuroprotective effects of crocin against oxidative stress induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat retina[J]. Ophthalmic Research,2015,54(3):157−168. doi: 10.1159/000439026
    [31]
    ZHANG M, CHEN J, JIANG Z, et al. Chrysotile causes human bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in response to the fas-mediated apoptosis pathway[J]. Pathobiology,2017,84(5):229−236. doi: 10.1159/000455902
    [32]
    LIU D, YE Y, ZHANG J, et al. Distinct pro-apoptotic properties of Zhejiang saffron against human lung cancer via a caspase-8-9-3 cascade[J]. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention,2014,15(15):6075−6080. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.15.6075
    [33]
    MOLLAEI H, SAFARALIZADEH R, BABAEI E, et al. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of crocin on chemosensitive and chemoresistant cervical cancer cells[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,2017,94:307−316.
    [34]
    CHONG Y, LIU B B, QIAN X D, et al. Crocin induces autophagic apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting Akt/mTOR activity[J]. OncoTargets and Therapy,2018,11:2017−2028. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S154586
    [35]
    WANG G, ZHANG B, WANG Y, et al. Crocin promotes apoptosis of human skin cancer cells by inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway[J]. Exp Ther Med,2018,16(6):5079−5084.
    [36]
    MIR M A, GANAI S A, MANSOOR S, et al. Isolation, purification and characterization of naturally derived crocetin beta-d-glucosyl ester from Crocus sativus L. against breast cancer and its binding chemistry with ER-alpha/HDAC2[J]. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2020,27(3):975−984. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.018
    [37]
    VAHID V, HADI M S, JAVAD S, et al. Study of crocin & radiotherapy-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in the head and neck cancer (HN-5) cell line[J]. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR,2017,16(1):230−237.
    [38]
    SEVGI G. Comparative anticancer activity analysis of saffron extracts and a principle component, crocetin for prevention and treatment of human malignancies[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2019,56(12):5435−5443. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-04014-y
    [39]
    GHALANDARI-SHAMAMI M, NOURIZADE S, YOUSEFI B, et al. Beneficial effects of physical activity and crocin against adolescent stress induced anxiety or depressive-like symptoms and dendritic morphology remodeling in prefrontal cortex in adult male rats[J]. Springer US,2019,44(4):917−929.
    [40]
    ARDEBILI D S, HOSSEIN H, KHALIL A, et al. Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on malathion induced depressive-like behavior in subacute exposure and protective effects of crocin[J]. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences,2015,18(10):958−966.
    [41]
    WU R, TAO W W, ZHANG H, et al. Instant and persistent antidepressant response of gardenia yellow pigment is associated with acute protein synthesis and delayed upregulation of bdnf expression in the hippocampus[J]. ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2016,7(8):1068−1076. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00011
    [42]
    BAHAREH A, ALIREZA N, HOSSEIN H. Evaluation of the antidepressant-like effects of acute and sub-acute administration of crocin and crocetin in mice[J]. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine,2015,5(5):458−468.
    [43]
    NIKBAKHT J I, HOSSEIN S A, SAEID E, et al. The effects of crocin on the symptoms of depression in subjects with metabolic syndrome[J]. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine: Official Organ Wroclaw Medical University,2017,26(6):925−930.
    [44]
    RAZAVI B M, SADEGHI M, ABNOUS K, et al. Study of the role of CREB, BDNF, and VGF neuropeptide in long term antidepressant activity of crocin in the rat cerebellum[J]. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR,2017,16(4):1452−1462.
    [45]
    LIU W, SUN Y, CHENG Z, et al. Crocin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats[J]. Pharmaceutical Biology,2018,56(1):209−216. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1448874
    [46]
    LI L, ZHANG H, JIN S, et al. Effects of crocin on inflammatory activities in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes and collagen-induced arthritis in mice[J]. Immunologic Research,2018,66(3):406−413. doi: 10.1007/s12026-018-8999-2
    [47]
    SUNG Y, KIM H K. Crocin ameliorates atopic dermatitis symptoms by down regulation of Th2 response via blocking of NF-κB/STAT6 signaling pathways in mice[J]. Nutrients,2018,10(11):2−10.
    [48]
    GODUGU C, PASARI L P, KHURANA A, et al. Crocin, an active constituent of Crocus sativus ameliorates cerulein induced pancreatic inflammation and oxidative stress[J]. Phytotherapy Research,2020,34(4):825−835. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6564
    [49]
    HOSSEIN H, SADEGHNIA H R. Safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), attenuated cerebral ischemia induced oxidative damage in rat hippocampus[J]. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences: A Publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe Canadienne Des Sciences Pharmaceutiques,2005,8(3):394−399.
    [50]
    LI J, LEI H T, CAO L, et al. Crocin alleviates coronary atherosclerosis via inhibiting lipid synthesis and inducing M2 macrophage polarization[J]. International Immunopharmacology,2018,55:120−127. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.037
    [51]
    HASSANI F V, MEHRI S, ABNOUS K, et al. Protective effect of crocin on BPA-induced liver toxicity in rats through inhibition of oxidative stress and downregulation of MAPK and MAPKAP signaling pathway and miRNA-122 expression[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2017,107:395−405. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.007
    [52]
    PARSI A, TORKASHVAND M, HAJIANI E, et al. The effects of crocus sativus extract on serum lipid profile and liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized placebo-controlled study[J]. Obesity Medicine,2020,17:85−90.
    [53]
    PING C, YANG C, YARONG W, et al. Comparative evaluation of hepatoprotective activities of geniposide, crocins and crocetin by CCl4-induced liver injury in mice[J]. Biomolecules & Therapeutics,2016,24(2):156−162.
    [54]
    KE G, FAQUAN L, XI C, et al. Crocetin protects against fulminant hepatic failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine by decreasing apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model[J]. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine,2019,18(5):3775−3782.
    [55]
    REZA S M, MOJTABA K, SHIVA R, et al. Protective effect of crocin on liver toxicity induced by morphine[J]. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences,2016,11(2):120−129.
    [56]
    LUO L, FANG K, DAN X, et al. Crocin ameliorates hepatic steatosis through activation of AMPK signaling in db/db mice[J]. Lipids in Health and Disease,2019,18(1):2−9. doi: 10.1186/s12944-018-0943-x
    [57]
    黎砚书, 徐丽瑛, 周艳艳, 等. 栀子黄色素类单体对糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用[J]. 实验动物与比较医学,2018,38(5):387−389. [LI Yanshu, XU Liying, ZHOU Yanyan, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of gardenia yellow pigment monomers on diabetic mice[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine,2018,38(5):387−389. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2018.05.011

    LI Yanshu, XU Liying, ZHOU Yanyan, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of gardenia yellow pigment monomers on diabetic mice [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2018, 38(5): 387-389. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2018.05.011
    [58]
    SHENG L, QIAN Z, ZHENG S, et al. Mechanism of hypolipidemic effect of crocin in rats: Crocin inhibits pancreatic lipase[J]. European Journal of Pharmacology,2006,543(1):116−122.
    [59]
    RAZAVI M, HOSSEINZADEH H, ABNOUS K, et al. Crocin restores hypotensive effect of subchronic administration of diazinon in rats[J]. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences,2013,16(1):64−72.
    [60]
    IMENSHAHIDI M, HOSSEINZADEH H, JAVADPOUR Y. Hypotensive effect of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and its constituents, safranal and crocin, in normotensive and hypertensive rats[J]. Phytotherapy Research,2010,24(7):990−994. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3044
    [61]
    HIGASHINO S, SASAKI Y, GIDDINGS J C, et al. Crocetin, a carotenoid from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, protects against hypertension and cerebral thrombogenesis in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats[J]. Phytotherapy Research,2014,28(9):1315−1319. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5130
  • Cited by

    Periodical cited type(0)

    Other cited types(2)

Catalog

    Article Metrics

    Article views (294) PDF downloads (32) Cited by(2)

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return