Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Differences in Flavonoids and Carotenoids in the Peel of <i>Coffea arabica</i> L. before and after Ripeness

WANG Zuquan; TAN Yulong; GUO Yinnan; XIE Chun; LI Xuejun; DU Huabo; YU Siying; ZHANG Chuanli

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024080277

Volume 46 Issue 7

Mar. 2025

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Science and Technology of Food Industry > 2025 > 46(7): 32-41. > DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024080277

WANG Zuquan, TAN Yulong, GUO Yinnan, et al. Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Differences in Flavonoids and Carotenoids in the Peel of Coffea arabica L. before and after Ripeness[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(7): 32−41. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024080277.

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Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Differences in Flavonoids and Carotenoids in the Peel of Coffea arabica L. before and after Ripeness

WANG Zuquan^{1, 2,},
TAN Yulong^{1, 2, +,},
GUO Yinnan^{1, 2},
XIE Chun^{1, 2},
LI Xuejun^{1, 2},
DU Huabo^{1, 2},
YU Siying^{1, 2},
ZHANG Chuanli^{1, 2, ,}

1.
College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu'er 665099, China
2.
Yunnan Provincal Key Laboratory of Coffee, Pu'er 665099, China

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Received Date: August 22, 2024
Available Online: February 07, 2025

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Abstract

Abstract

This study examined the changes in flavonoid and carotenoid metabolites in the peel of Coffea arabica L. in mature and immature stages and their roles in coloration. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed to analyze the metabolite profiles, in combination with principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and clustering analysis. A total of 234 flavonoid metabolites and 40 carotenoid metabolites were detected, with flavonols (81 species) and lutein (34 species) being the most abundant. The total carotenoid content in the peel decreased significantly after ripening, while the total flavonoid content remained relatively stable, although anthocyanin accumulation showed the opposite pattern. Lutein and β-carotene accumulation in unripe peels were linked to green coloration, while cyanidin derivatives contributed to red coloration in ripe peels. Furthermore, unique accumulations of phytoene and phytofluene were observed in the ripe peels. This study elucidates the relationship between flavonoid and carotenoid accumulation and peel coloration during the ripening of Coffea arabica L. and provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying coffee peel coloration, offering a theoretical foundation for the utilization of coffee by-products and the development of functional foods.
- Coffea arabica L.,
- coffea peels metabolomics,
- metabolite accumulation,
- flavonoids,
- carotenoid accumulation

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References (41)

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