Research Progress on Extraction, Structure, Biological Activity and Application of <i>Panax notoginseng</i> Saponin

WEI Bingqi; CHEN Liu; ZHANG Xinyue; LIU Yanxin; WANG Yicui

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040356

Volume 46 Issue 7

Mar. 2025

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Supplements

Science and Technology of Food Industry > 2025 > 46(7): 415-424. > DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040356

WEI Bingqi, CHEN Liu, ZHANG Xinyue, et al. Research Progress on Extraction, Structure, Biological Activity and Application of Panax notoginseng Saponin[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(7): 415−424. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040356.

Citation:

PDF (6272 KB)

Research Progress on Extraction, Structure, Biological Activity and Application of Panax notoginseng Saponin

1.
School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2.
School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China

More Information

Received Date: April 22, 2024
Available Online: January 21, 2025

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Panax notoginseng is a commonly used medicinal and edible plant in China. Panax notoginseng saponin is one of the main active ingredients of Panax notoginseng. It belongs to tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins. It has many biological activities such as anti-thrombus, nerve protection, heart protection, anti-inflammation, regulation of intestinal flora, antioxidation, anti-tumor, regulation of bone metabolism, and anti-fibrosis and other biological activities. It can be applied in the fields of food health care and biomedicine.in food health care and biomedical fields. In this paper, the public reports of Panax notoginseng saponin in recent years are reviewed, summarized and analyzed, in order to clarify the structure and biological activity of Panax notoginseng saponin, so as to provide reference for the development and application of new products of Panax notoginseng saponin.
- Panax notoginseng saponin,
- extraction process,
- structural characteristics,
- biological activity,
- application field

FullText(HTML)

References (70)

References

[1]	邱子健, 黄金莲, 保梅芬, 等. 三七根中2个新成分[J]. 中草药,2024,55(8):2503−2509. [QIU Z J, HUANG J L, BAO M F, et al. Two new components from root of Panax notoginseng[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2024,55(8):2503−2509.] QIU Z J, HUANG J L, BAO M F, et al. Two new components from root of Panax notoginseng[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2024, 55（8）: 2503−2509.
[2]	国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典:一部[M]. 北京:中国医药科技出版社, 2020:12. [Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China[M]. Beijing:China Medical Science Press, 2020:12.] Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China[M]. Beijing: China Medical Science Press, 2020: 12.
[3]	高亚珍, 邹俊波, 杨明, 等. 三七炮制的历史沿革及现代研究进展[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(4):212−220. [GAO Y Z, ZOU J B, YANG M, et al. Historical evolution and modern research progress of processing of Notoginseng radix et rhizoma[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(4):212−220.] GAO Y Z, ZOU J B, YANG M, et al. Historical evolution and modern research progress of processing of Notoginseng radix et rhizoma[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2023, 29（4）: 212−220.
[4]	牛世蓉, 王凤忠, 崔伟业, 等. 三七活性成分提取、分离纯化及其抗氧化活性研究进展[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报,2023,14(19):163−171. [NIU S R, WANG F Z, CUI W Y, et al. Research progress on extraction, separation and purification, antioxidant activity of activecomponents from Panax notoginseng[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality,2023,14(19):163−171.] NIU S R, WANG F Z, CUI W Y, et al. Research progress on extraction, separation and purification, antioxidant activity of activecomponents from Panax notoginseng[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2023, 14（19）: 163−171.
[5]	WU L, SONG H, ZHANG C, et al. Efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponins in the treatment of adults with ischemic stroke in China:A randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Network Open,2023,6(6):e2317574. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.17574
[6]	ZHONG H, YU H, CHEN B, et al. Protective effect of total Panax notoginseng saponins on retinal ganglion cells of an optic nerve crush injury rat model[J]. Biomed Research International, 2021:4356949.
[7]	MENG Y, DU Z, LI Y, et al. The synergistic mechanism of total saponins and flavonoids in notoginseng-safflower pair against myocardial ischemia uncovered by an integrated metabolomics strategy[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,2020,130:110574.
[8]	WANG X, LI B, YU X, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates the inflammation induced by amyloid-β by suppressing SphK1-mediated NF-κB activation in PC12 cells[J]. Molecular Medicine Reports,2024,29(1):16.
[9]	CHEN MY, SHAO L, ZHANG W, et al. Metabolic analysis of Panax notoginseng saponins with gut microbiota-mediated biotransformation by HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2018,150:199−207. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.011
[10]	XIANG C P, ZHOU R, ZHANG Y, et al. Research progress on saponins in Panax notoginseng and their molecular mechanism of anti-cerebral ischemia[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi,2020,45(13):3045−3054.
[11]	GUO YH, KURUGANTI R, GAO Y. Recent advances in ginsenosides as potential therapeutics against breast cancer[J]. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry,2019,19(25):2334−2347. doi: 10.2174/1568026619666191018100848
[12]	DU W XI, DUAN S F, YU X L, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins suppress radiation-induced osteoporosis by regulating bone formation and resorption[J]. Phytomedicine:International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology,2015,22(9):813−819.
[13]	LIU M, ZHANG T, ZANG C, et al. Preparation, optimization, and in vivo evaluation of an inhaled solution of total saponins of Panax notoginseng and its protective effect against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis[J]. Drug Delivery,2020,27(1):1718−1728. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1856222
[14]	叶辉, 李华宇, 谷应丽, 等. 三七总皂苷的提取及含量测定[J]. 南开大学学报(自然科学版),2021,54(3):54−59. [YE H, LI H Y, GU Y L, et al. Extraction and determination of Panax notoginseng saponins[J]. Journal of Nankai University (Natural Sciences Edition),2021,54(3):54−59.] YE H, LI H Y, GU Y L, et al. Extraction and determination of Panax notoginseng saponins[J]. Journal of Nankai University （Natural Sciences Edition）, 2021, 54（3）: 54−59.
[15]	杨庆稳, 李洪山, 雍康, 等. 微波辅助酶解提取三七总皂苷[J]. 江苏农业科学,2017,45(4):149−152. [YANG Q W, LI H S, YONG K, et al. Microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction of total saponins of Panax notoginseng[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(4):149−152.] YANG Q W, LI H S, YONG K, et al. Microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction of total saponins of Panax notoginseng[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45（4）: 149−152.
[16]	韩建军, 宁娜, 郁建生. 响应面法对三七总皂苷超高压提取工艺的优化[J]. 湖北农业科学,2015,54(10):2455−2458,2551. [HAN J J, NING N, YU J S, et al. Optimization of ultrahigh pressure extraction technology of total saponins from Panax notoginseng by response surface method[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(10):2455−2458,2551.] HAN J J, NING N, YU J S, et al. Optimization of ultrahigh pressure extraction technology of total saponins from Panax notoginseng by response surface method[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 54（10）: 2455−2458,2551.
[17]	陈红惠, TARUN B, 李刚凤, 等. 表面活性剂协同超声波酶法提取三七花总皂苷工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究[J]. 食品与发酵工业,2020,46(20):178−186. [CHEN H H, TARUN B, LI G F, et al. Enzymolysis-ultrasound-assisted surfactant extraction and antioxidant activity of saponins from Panax notoginseng flowers[J]. Food and Fermentation]Industries,2020,46(20):178−186.] CHEN H H, TARUN B, LI G F, et al. Enzymolysis-ultrasound-assisted surfactant extraction and antioxidant activity of saponins from Panax notoginseng flowers[J]. Food and Fermentation]Industries, 2020, 46（20）: 178−186.
[18]	TIMILSENA Y P, PHOSANAM A, STOCKMANN R. Perspectives on saponins:Food functionality and applications[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences , 2023, 24(17):13538.
[19]	WANG T, GUO R, ZHOU G, et al. Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen:A review[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2016,188:234−258. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.005
[20]	PENG M, YI Y X, ZHANG T, et al. Stereoisomers of saponins in Panax notoginseng (Sanqi):A review[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology,2018,9:188. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00188
[21]	CUI X, MA X, LI C, et al. A review:Structure-activity relationship between saponins and cellular immunity[J]. Molecular Biology Reports,2023,50(3):2779−2793. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-08233-z
[22]	SHANG J H, XU G W, ZHU H T, et al. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic triterpenes from the rot roots of Panax notoginseng[J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting,2019,9(4):287−295. doi: 10.1007/s13659-019-0211-4
[23]	YANG C K, XIONG J, ZHANG L, et al. Two new dammarane-type triterpenoids from the steamed roots of Panax notoginseng[J]. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research,2021,23(10):961−967. doi: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1825391
[24]	SHIN B K, KWON S W, PARK J H. Chemical diversity of ginseng saponins from Panax ginseng[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research,2015,39(4):287−298. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2014.12.005
[25]	LI Q, YUAN M, LI X, et al. New dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from Panax notoginseng saponins[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research,2020,44(5):673−679. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.12.001
[26]	YANG C K, XIONG J, SHEN Y. Two new dammarane-type triterpenoids from the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng[J]. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research,2021,23(4):341−347. doi: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1731801
[27]	ZHANG Y, LIU K, WANG D. Notoginsenoside Fc alleviates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial cell dysfunction and upregulates PPAR-γ in vitro[J/OL]. Histology and Histopathology, [2023-12-20]. https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-694.
[28]	WU Y, WANG W, KOU N, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins combined with dual antiplatelet drugs potentiates anti-thrombotic effect with alleviated gastric injury in a carotid artery thrombosis rat model[J]. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases:The Official Journal of National Stroke Association,2022,31(8):106597.
[29]	DONG C, LI J, ZHAO M, et al. Pharmacological effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on cerebral ischemia in animal models[J]. BioMed Research International,2022,2022:4281483. doi: 10.1155/2022/4281483
[30]	GAO J, LIU J, YAO M, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins stimulates neurogenesis and neurological restoration after microsphere-induced cerebral embolism in rats partially via mTOR signaling[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology,2022,13:889404. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.889404
[31]	HU Y, WU L, JIANG L, et al. Notoginsenoside R2 reduces Aβ25-35-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammation via miR-27a/SOX8/β-catenin axis[J]. Human & Experimental Toxicology,2021,40(12):347−358.
[32]	PEI X, ZHANG L, LIU D, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates brain injury in rats with traumatic brain injury:possible mediation of apoptosis via ERK1/2 signaling pathway[J]. PLoS One,2023,18(12):e0295903. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295903
[33]	WEI X, WEN Y, HU Y, et al. Total saponins of Panax notoginseng modulate the astrocyte inflammatory signaling pathway and attenuate inflammatory injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells[J]. Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy,2024,19(2):267−276.
[34]	ZHAO S, JIA N, SHEN Z, et al. Pretreatment with notoginsenoside R1 attenuates high-altitude hypoxia-induced cardiac injury via activation of the ERK1/2-P90RSK-Bad signaling pathway in rats[J]. Phytotherapy Research,2023,37(10):4522−4539. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7923
[35]	LEI W, YAN Y, MA Y, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 regulates ischemic myocardial lipid metabolism by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology,2022,13:905092. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905092
[36]	XU Y, CAO L, ZOU W, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by downregulating LncRNA-ANRIL in cardiorenal syndrome type 4[J]. Chinese Medicine,2023,18(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s13020-023-00756-2
[37]	SHAO R, LI W, CHEN R, et al. Exploring the molecular mechanism of notoginsenoside R1 in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy based on network pharmacology and experiments validation[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology,2023,14:1101240. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1101240
[38]	WANG Y, SUN X, XIE Y, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins alleviate diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting retinal inflammation:association with the NF-κB signaling pathway[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2023,319:117135.
[39]	JIAO D, LIU Y, HOU T, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1) promoted lymphatic drainage function to ameliorating rheumatoid arthritis in TNF-Tg mice by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology,2022,12:730579. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730579
[40]	HE J, LIU M W, WANG Z Y, et al. Protective effects of the notoginsenoside R1 on acute lung injury by regulating the miR-128-2-5p/Tollip signaling pathway in rats with severe acute pancreatitis[J]. Innate Immunity,2022,28(1):19−36. doi: 10.1177/17534259211068744
[41]	KANG Z, XIAO Q, WANG L, et al. The combination of astragaloside IV and Panax notoginseng saponins attenuates cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats through ferroptosis and inflammation inhibition via activating Nrf2[J]. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,2023,75(5):666−676. doi: 10.1093/jpp/rgad011
[42]	WANG L, SHAO L, CHEN M Y, et al. Panax notoginseng alleviates colitis via the regulation of gut microbiota[J]. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine,2023,51(1):107−127. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X23500076
[43]	XIE J, MA X, ZHENG Y, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins alleviate damage to the intestinal barrier and regulate levels of intestinal microbes in a rat model of chronic kidney disease[J]. Renal Failure,2022,44(1):1948−1960. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2022.2142138
[44]	LICHOTA A, SIENKIEWICZ M. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of NG-R1 saponin against bacterial cells in induced oxidative stress-A preliminary study[J]. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine,2023,30(1):83−89. doi: 10.26444/aaem/161339
[45]	LI X, LIN H, ZHANG X, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates oxidative stress-induced osteoblast dysfunction through JNK signalling pathway[J]. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,2021,25(24):11278−11289. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.17054
[46]	LUO H, BAO Z, ZHOU M, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and inflammation via activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway[J]. Neuroreport,2022,33(11):451−462. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001803
[47]	WU J K, CHEN D P, YE C Y. Notoginsenoside R_1 interferes with renal oxidative stress and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to alleviate kidney injury in mice with IgA nephropathy and its mechanism[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi,2023,48(14):3839−3847.
[48]	LIU J, ZHANG C, JIA B, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins induce apoptosis in retinoblastoma Y79 cells via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway[J]. Experimental Eye Research,2022,216:108954. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108954
[49]	WANG P, GAO Y, YANG G, et al. Enhancing the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in H22 hepatoma cells through biotransformation of notoginsenoside R1 by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S165 into 20(S/R)-notoginsenoside R2[J]. RSC Advances, 13(42):29773–29783.
[50]	XIA L, LIU X, MAO W, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins normalises tumour blood vessels by inhibiting EphA2 gene expression to modulate the tumour microenvironment of breast cancer[J]. Phytomedicine:International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology,2023,114:154787. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154787
[51]	LI S, PI G, ZENG Y, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 induces oxidative stress and modulates LPS induced immune microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. International Immunopharmacology,2022,113:109323. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109323
[52]	LI X M, YUAN D Y, LIU Y H, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins prevent colitis-associated colorectal cancer via inhibition IDO1 mediated immune regulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines,2022,20(4):258−269. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(22)60179-1
[53]	LU W, SHI Y, QIAN M. Notoginsenoside R1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via ERα/GSK-3β/β-catenin signalling pathway[J]. International Journal of Experimental Pathology, 105(1):4-12.
[54]	HAN R, ZHANG W, ZHANG L, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs via Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway[J]. Drug Design, Development and Therapy,2022,16:4399−4409. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S387004
[55]	LIU D, ZHAO Z, JIANG W, et al. Panax notoginseng saponin promotes bone regeneration in distraction osteogenesis via the TGF-β1 signaling pathway[J/OL]. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, [2021-10-21]. http://doi/10.1155/2021/2895659.
[56]	HU H, CHEN Y, HUANG F, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration by reducing the end plate porosity in lumbar spinal instability mice[J]. JOR Spine,2021,4(4):e1182. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1182
[57]	GONG X, SHAN L, CAO S, et al. Notoginsenoside R1, an active compound from Panax notoginseng, inhibits hepatic Stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis via MAPK signaling pathway[J]. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine,2022,50(2):511−523. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X22500197
[58]	NGUYEN V, PAN F, ZHANG G, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins regulate transforming growth factor-β1 through MAPK and Snail/TWIST1 signaling pathway to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pulmonary fibrosis in A549 cells[J]. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2022,2022:3744618.
[59]	LI H, WANG Y G, CHEN T F, et al. Panax notoginseng saponin alleviates pulmonary fibrosis in rats by modulating the renin-angiotensin system[J]. Ethnopharmacol,2024,318:116979. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116979
[60]	XIE J, MA X, LI X, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins alleviate LPS-induced fibrosis of HK-2 cells by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis[J/OL]. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, [2023-04-17]. http://doi/10.2174/1389201024666230417084507.
[61]	周增佳. 三七总皂苷纳米颗粒的制备及其在酸奶中的应用[D]. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2022. [ZHOU Z J. Preparation of Panax notoginseng saponins nanoparticles and its applications in yogurt[D]. Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University, 2022.] ZHOU Z J. Preparation of Panax notoginseng saponins nanoparticles and its applications in yogurt[D]. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2022.
[62]	ZHOU Z, XIANG H, CHENG J, et al. Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins encapsulated by polymerized whey protein on the rheological, textural and bitterness characteristics of yogurt[J]. Foods (Basel, Switzerland),2024,13(3):486.
[63]	DING L, YANG Q, ZHANG E, et al. Notoginsenoside Ft1 acts as a TGR5 agonist but FXR antagonist to alleviate high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice[J]. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica B,2021,11(6):1541−1554. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.038
[64]	GUO J. Plant extract composition used for preventing and treating carbohydrate metabolism disorder and preparative method thereof:China, 2011071011[P]. 2012-08-02.
[65]	HUANG D, GONG Z Y, LIU S C, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins promote hair follicle growth in mice via Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway[J]. Chemical Biology & Drug Design,2023,101(6):1416−1424.
[66]	蒋丽, 马丽霞, 蒋镇, 等. 一种具有改善脱发功效的食品组合物:中国, 201710306011.6[P]. 2019-03-22. [JIANG L, MA L X, JIANG Z, et al. A food composition with hair loss improvement effect:China, 201710306011.6[P]. 2019-03-22.] JIANG L, MA L X, JIANG Z, et al. A food composition with hair loss improvement effect: China, 201710306011.6[P]. 2019-03-22.
[67]	WANG X, JIA J, NIU M, et al. Living chinese herbal scaffolds from microfluidic bioprinting for wound healing[J]. Research (Washington, D. C.),2023,6:0138.
[68]	REN Y, MA C, YU Y, et al. Poly(l-lactic acid)-based double-layer composite scaffold for bone tissue repair[J]. Regenerative Biomaterials,2023,11:rbad093.
[69]	LIU Y, ZHANG Y, ZHENG Z, et al. Incorporation of NGR1 promotes bone regeneration of injectable HA/nHAp hydrogels by anti-inflammation regulation via a MAPK/ERK signaling pathway[J]. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,2022,10:992961. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.992961
[70]	WANG L, FU H, WANG W, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 functionalized gelatin hydrogels to promote reparative dentinogenesis[J]. Acta Biomaterialia,2021,122:160−171. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.031