YANG Zixi, ZHU Yuanmin, XIE Yanxia, et al. Impact of Different Aspergillus Fermentation Combinations on the Quality Components and Color of Summer and Autumn Tea Infusion[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(5): 127−135. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024020281.
Citation: YANG Zixi, ZHU Yuanmin, XIE Yanxia, et al. Impact of Different Aspergillus Fermentation Combinations on the Quality Components and Color of Summer and Autumn Tea Infusion[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(5): 127−135. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024020281.

Impact of Different Aspergillus Fermentation Combinations on the Quality Components and Color of Summer and Autumn Tea Infusion

More Information
  • Received Date: February 29, 2024
  • Available Online: December 28, 2024
  • To enhance the economic value-added of summer and autumn teas, this study conducted separate and combined liquid-state fermentation of the tea infusions using Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae, followed by a detailed analysis of changes in quality components and color during fermentation, as well as the correlation between tea pigments, pH, and chroma values. The results indicated that the individual inoculation of Aspergillus niger had the most significant degradation effect on tea polyphenols and caffeine (P<0.05), with a reduction of 1261.17 μg/mL in tea polyphenols and 61.52 μg/mL in caffeine content. Whereas the individual inoculation of Aspergillus oryzae helped to preserve more catechins and gallic acid. Mixed fermentation was conducive to the synthesis of theabrownin, with its content reaching up to 1779.12 μg/mL after 48 hours. Sensory evaluation and chroma value measurements showed that Aspergillus fermentation could rapidly transform the tea infusion color from light yellow to dark reddish-brown, with a significant decrease in L* and a marked increase in a* and b* (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that theaflavins were significantly and positively correlated with L* (P<0.05). Thearubigins were also significantly and positively correlated with L*, but significantly and negatively correlated with a* and b* (P<0.05). In contrast, theabrownin showed a significant negative correlation with L*, but a significant positive correlation with a* and b* (P<0.05), indicating that an increase in theabrownin content would reduce the brightness of the tea infusion and enhance the reddish-brown tone. Furthermore, pH was significantly and positively correlated with theabrownin synthesis (P<0.05), indicating that an increase in pH was beneficial for promoting the synthesis of theabrownin. In summary, this study provides a scientific basis for the development of diversified products of summer and autumn teas and is of significant importance for promoting the sustainable development of the tea industry.
  • [1]
    CHEN D Q, JI W B, GRANATO D, et al. Effects of dynamic extraction conditions on the chemical composition and sensory quality traits of green tea[J]. LWT,2022,169:113972. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113972
    [2]
    ZAMAN F, ZHANG E, XIA L, et al. Natural variation of main biochemical components, morphological and yield traits among a panel of 87 tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] cultivars[J]. Horticultural Plant Journal,2023,9(3):563−576. doi: 10.1016/j.hpj.2022.08.007
    [3]
    ESTEKI M, MEMARBASHI N, SIMAL-GANDARA J. Classification and authentication of tea according to their harvest season based on FT-IR fingerprinting using pattern recognition methods[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2023,115:104995. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104995
    [4]
    王奕, 罗红玉, 陈善敏, 等. 夏秋茶苦涩味的物质基础及其在加工中的变化[J]. 南方农业,2022,16(21):157−161. [WANG Y, LUO H Y, CHEN S M, et al. The material basis of the bitter and astringent flavor of summer and autumn tea and its changes in processing[J]. South China Agriculture,2022,16(21):157−161.]

    WANG Y, LUO H Y, CHEN S M, et al. The material basis of the bitter and astringent flavor of summer and autumn tea and its changes in processing[J]. South China Agriculture, 2022, 16(21): 157−161.
    [5]
    夏长杙, 蒲璐璐, 王敏, 等. 发酵对夏秋茶品质的研究及发展趋势[J]. 贵茶,2022(4):31−34. [XIA C Y, PU L L, WANG M, et al. Research and development trend of fermentation on summer and autumn tea quality[J]. Journal of Guizhou Tea,2022(4):31−34.]

    XIA C Y, PU L L, WANG M, et al. Research and development trend of fermentation on summer and autumn tea quality[J]. Journal of Guizhou Tea, 2022(4): 31−34.
    [6]
    陈琳琳, 邱树毅, 罗小叶, 等. 夏秋茶发花工艺及发花过程中主要物质成分变化[J]. 食品工业,2017,38(9):71−75. [CHEN L L, QIU S Y, LUO X Y, et al. The fungus growth processing of summer-autumn tea and the changes of main components during the fungus growing[J]. The Food Industry,2017,38(9):71−75.]

    CHEN L L, QIU S Y, LUO X Y, et al. The fungus growth processing of summer-autumn tea and the changes of main components during the fungus growing[J]. The Food Industry, 2017, 38(9): 71−75.
    [7]
    XIAO Y, LI M Y, LIU Y, et al. The effect of Eurotium cristatum (MF800948) fermentation on the quality of autumn green tea[J]. Food Chemistry,2021,358:129848. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129848
    [8]
    刘亚兵, 戴宇樵, 王敏, 等. 夏秋灵芝菌茶的制备及内含物质分析研究[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报,2023,14(6):319−328. [LIU Y B, DAI Y Q, WANG M, et al. Study on the preparation and content analysis of Ganoderma lucidum tea in summer and autumn[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality,2023,14(6):319−328.]

    LIU Y B, DAI Y Q, WANG M, et al. Study on the preparation and content analysis of Ganoderma lucidum tea in summer and autumn[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2023, 14(6): 319−328.
    [9]
    李春燕, 王瑜, 杨莹, 等. 凤冈锌硒夏秋茶发酵饮品发酵过程动态评价[J]. 食品科技,2023,48(2):68−76. [LI C Y, WANG Y, YANG Y, et al. Dynamic evaluation of the fermentation process of Fenggang Zinc-Se summer-autumn tea fermentation beverage[J]. Food Science and Technology,2023,48(2):68−76.]

    LI C Y, WANG Y, YANG Y, et al. Dynamic evaluation of the fermentation process of Fenggang Zinc-Se summer-autumn tea fermentation beverage[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2023, 48(2): 68−76.
    [10]
    WANG X, LI X X, LIU B, et al. Comparison of chemical constituents of Eurotium cristatum-mediated pure and mixed fermentation in summer-autumn tea[J]. LWT,2021,143:111132. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111132
    [11]
    姚粟, 王鹏辉, 白飞荣, 等. 中国传统发酵食品用微生物菌种名单研究(第二版)[J]. 食品与发酵工业,2022,48(1):272−285. [YAO S, WANG P H, BAI F R, et al. Research on the inventory of microbial food cultures in Chinese traditional fermented foods (2nd edition)[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries,2022,48(1):272−285.]

    YAO S, WANG P H, BAI F R, et al. Research on the inventory of microbial food cultures in Chinese traditional fermented foods (2nd edition)[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2022, 48(1): 272−285.
    [12]
    KIM M J, JOHN K M M, CHOI J N, et al. Changes in secondary metabolites of green tea during fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae and its effect on antioxidant potential[J]. Food Research International,2013,53(2):670−677. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.053
    [13]
    MA C, MA B, ZHOU B, et al. Pile-fermentation mechanism of ripened Pu-erh tea:Omics approach, chemical variation and microbial effect[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology,2024,146:104379.
    [14]
    MA Y, LING T J, SU X Q, et al. Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis of tea leaves fermented by Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus fumigatus[J]. Food Chemistry,2021,334:127560. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127560
    [15]
    杨希. 普洱茶纯菌发酵过程中活性组分的变化[D]. 大连:大连工业大学, 2015. [YANG X. The variation of the active component in Pu'er tea fermentation process with pure mould[D]. Dalian:Dalian Polytechnic University, 2015.]

    YANG X. The variation of the active component in Pu'er tea fermentation process with pure mould[D]. Dalian: Dalian Polytechnic University, 2015.
    [16]
    JIANG J, ZHANG M, AN T, et al. Preparation of instant dark tea by liquid-state fermentation using sequential inoculation with Eurotium cristatum and Aspergillus niger:Processes optimization, physiochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity[J]. LWT,2022,162:113379. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113379
    [17]
    CHEN Q, ZHANG M, CHEN M, et al. Influence of Eurotium cristatum and Aspergillus niger individual and collaborative inoculation on volatile profile in liquid-state fermentation of instant dark teas[J]. Food Chemistry,2021,350:129234. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129234
    [18]
    HUA J J, XU Q, YUAN H B, et al. Effects of novel fermentation method on the biochemical components change and quality formation of Congou black tea[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2021,96:103751. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103751
    [19]
    DENG S J, ZHANG G, OLAYEMI ALUKO O, et al. Bitter and astringent substances in green tea:Composition, human perception mechanisms, evaluation methods and factors influencing their formation[J]. Food Research International,2022,157:111262. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111262
    [20]
    WANG Q P, GONG J S, CHISTI Y, et al. Fungal isolates from a Pu-erh type tea fermentation and their ability to convert tea polyphenols to theabrownins[J]. Journal of Food Science,2015,80(4-5-6):M809−M817.
    [21]
    谢美华, 陈华红, 陈玉红, 等. 几种普洱茶发酵微生物对茶多酚代谢的初步研究[J]. 食品科技,2013,38(5):82−85. [XIE M H, CHEN H H, CHEN Y H, et al. A primary study on tea polyphenol metabolism of some fungi strains isolated from Pu-er tea[J]. Food Science and Technology,2013,38(5):82−85.]

    XIE M H, CHEN H H, CHEN Y H, et al. A primary study on tea polyphenol metabolism of some fungi strains isolated from Pu-er tea[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2013, 38(5): 82−85.
    [22]
    谢佳, 缪德仁. 大叶种茶叶中矿质元素的含量对鲜甜味氨基酸含量的影响[J]. 昆明学院学报,2022,44(3):49−52. [XIE J, LIAO D R. Effect of mineral elements on fresh and sweet amino acid contents in largeleaf tea leaves[J]. Journal of Kunming University,2022,44(3):49−52.]

    XIE J, LIAO D R. Effect of mineral elements on fresh and sweet amino acid contents in largeleaf tea leaves[J]. Journal of Kunming University, 2022, 44(3): 49−52.
    [23]
    ZHU Y C, LUO Y H, WANG P P, et al. Simultaneous determination of free amino acids in Pu-erh tea and their changes during fermentation[J]. Food Chemistry,2016,194:643−649. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.054
    [24]
    HUANG F J, ZHENG X J, MA X, et al. Theabrownin from Pu-erh tea attenuates hypercholesterolemia via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism[J]. Nature Communications,2019,10(1):4971. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12896-x
    [25]
    吴桢. 普洱茶渥堆发酵过程中主要生化成分的变化[D]. 重庆:西南大学, 2008. [WU Z. The variation of chemical components during the fermentation procedure of Pu'er tea[D]. Chongqing:Southwest University, 2008.]

    WU Z. The variation of chemical components during the fermentation procedure of Pu'er tea[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2008.
    [26]
    QIN J H, LI N, TU P F, et al. Change in tea polyphenol and purine alkaloid composition during solid-state fungal fermentation of post-fermented tea[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2012,60(5):1213−1217. doi: 10.1021/jf204844g
    [27]
    YE J H, YE Y, YIN J F, et al. Bitterness and astringency of tea leaves and products:Formation mechanism and reducing strategies[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology,2022,123:130−143.
    [28]
    ZHOU B X, MA C Q, WANG H Z, et al. Biodegradation of caffeine by whole cells of tea-derived fungi Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus niger and optimization for caffeine degradation[J]. BMC Microbiology,2018,18(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12866-018-1194-8
    [29]
    李雯雯, 陈雄, 宋姗姗, 等. 绿茶茶汤发酵过程中理化性质及香气成分变化分析[J]. 香料香精化妆品,2019(3):12−16. [LI W W, CHEN X, SONG S S, et al. Analysis of the changes in physicochemical properties and aroma components of green tea during fermentation[J]. Flavour Fragrance Cosmetics,2019(3):12−16.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4475.2019.03.004

    LI W W, CHEN X, SONG S S, et al. Analysis of the changes in physicochemical properties and aroma components of green tea during fermentation[J]. Flavour Fragrance Cosmetics, 2019(3): 12−16. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4475.2019.03.004
    [30]
    曹艳妮. 不同储存时间普洱茶的理化分析和抗氧化性研究[D]. 广州:华南理工大学, 2011. [CAO Y N. Analysis of physicochemical components and antioxidant activity of puer teas stored at different years[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology, 2011.]

    CAO Y N. Analysis of physicochemical components and antioxidant activity of puer teas stored at different years[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2011.
    [31]
    胡帅. 基于微生物组学及代谢组学技术的青砖茶渥堆过程品质形成机制研究[D]. 武汉:华中农业大学, 2020. [HU S. Study on the quality formation mechanism of Qinzhuan tea pile fermentation based on microbiome and metabolomics[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University, 2020.]

    HU S. Study on the quality formation mechanism of Qinzhuan tea pile fermentation based on microbiome and metabolomics[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2020.
    [32]
    CUI Y Q, LAI G P, WEN M C, et al. Identification of low-molecular-weight color contributors of black tea infusion by metabolomics analysis based on UV–visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry[J]. Food Chemistry,2022,386:132788. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132788
    [33]
    ASIL M H, RABIEI B, ANSARI R H. Optimal fermentation time and temperature to improve biochemical composition and sensory characteristics of black tea[J]. Australian Journal of Crop Science,2012,6(3):550−558.
    [34]
    HE H F. Research progress on theaflavins:Efficacy, formation, and preparation[J]. Food & Nutrition Research,2017,61:1344521.
    [35]
    YASSIN G H, KOEK J H, KUHNERT N. Model system-based mechanistic studies of black tea thearubigin formation[J]. Food Chemistry,2015,180:272−279. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.108
    [36]
    WANG Q P, BELSCAK-CVITANOVIC A, DURGO K, et al. Physicochemical properties and biological activities of a high-theabrownins instant Pu-erh tea produced using Aspergillus tubingensis[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology,2018,90:598−605. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.01.021
    [37]
    杨子玺, 朱圆敏, 谢燕霞, 等. 基于pH高效定量判断普洱茶发酵程度的研究[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报,2023,14(1):74−80. [YANG Z X, ZHU Y M, XIE Y X, et al. Study on the quantitative and efficient determination of the degree of fermentation of Pu-erh tea based on pH[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality,2023,14(1):74−80.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0381.2023.1.spaqzljcjs202301010

    YANG Z X, ZHU Y M, XIE Y X, et al. Study on the quantitative and efficient determination of the degree of fermentation of Pu-erh tea based on pH[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2023, 14(1): 74−80. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0381.2023.1.spaqzljcjs202301010
  • Other Related Supplements

Catalog

    Article Metrics

    Article views (54) PDF downloads (12) Cited by()

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return