Research Progress on the Mechanism of Chromium (Ⅲ) in Regulating Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

Chromium (III) is an essential trace element for the human body. It modulates the synthesis, secretion, and content of insulin in the body. In addition to participating in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, it performs various important physiological functions, including the reduction of glucose and lipid levels. Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders are the cause of many chronic diseases and have a complex pathogenesis. Research shows that chromium (III) is related to glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, this study performes a meta-analysis of studies related to the safety of chromium (III) and its influence on glucose and lipid metabolism and elucidated the mechanisms. Chromium (III) can enhance insulin sensitivity, promote glucose absorption and glycogen synthesis and improve insulin resistance by regulating AMPK/GLUT-4 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. And it also can improve lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of SREBP-1C, ACC1 and CD36. The article would provide a theoretical basis for the use of chromium (III) toward the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, so that it could be further applied in the food industry.