Residual Dynamics and Safety Assessment of Imazalil, Prochloraz and Their Metabolites During Fresh-keeping Storage of Litchi

WU Jingna; WEI Luyang; DENG Youzhan; SHI Pengtao; LI Jinzhao; YANG Xiujuan

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023080056

Volume 45 Issue 10

May 2024

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Supplements

Science and Technology of Food Industry > 2024 > 45(10): 234-241. > DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023080056

WU Jingna, WEI Luyang, DENG Youzhan, et al. Residual Dynamics and Safety Assessment of Imazalil, Prochloraz and Their Metabolites During Fresh-keeping Storage of Litchi[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(10): 234−241. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023080056.

Citation:

PDF (1471 KB)

Residual Dynamics and Safety Assessment of Imazalil, Prochloraz and Their Metabolites During Fresh-keeping Storage of Litchi

Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Laboratory of Quality Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Nanning), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Quality Supervision and Testing Center of Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530001, China

More Information

Received Date: July 09, 2023
Available Online: March 19, 2024

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

In order to evaluate the dietary risk of imazalil and prochloraz residues in whole fruit, peel and pulp of litchi, this study reported a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to determine the residue of imazalil, prochloraz and their metabolites simultaneously. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of this method were 2.0 and 6.0 µg/kg for imazalil, 3.0 and 10.0 µg/kg for prochloraz, 6.0 and 20.0 µg/kg for imidazole ethanol, as well as 0.3 and 1.0 µg/kg for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, respectively. The average recoveries in whole fruit, peel and pulp of litchi were 78.9%~107%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) ranges from 2.6% to 5.8%. The results of preservation showed that the higher the concentration of imazalil and prochloraz the higher the residual amount. The residue gradually migrated from peel to pulp with the increases in storage time. After freshness processing, the residues of imazalil and prochloraz in whole fruit and peel decreased, while the pulp increased to the maximum value on the 7th day, and then gradually decreased. Imidazole ethanol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol increased with the increase of storage time. The risk of chronic and acute dietary intake within 14 days of safe interval was within acceptable range.
- imazalil,
- prochloraz,
- imidazole ethanol,
- 2,4,6-trichlorophenol,
- residual dynamics,
- dietary risk,
- litchi

FullText(HTML)

References (35)

References

[1]	QI L N, LI T, ZHOU L H, et al. Survey of sulfur dioxide residues in litchi preservation process in Hainan province[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials,2015,3744(713-715):2585−2590.
[2]	GENG C, LIU X Y, MA J L, et al. High strength, controlled release of curcumin-loaded ZIF-8/chitosan/zein film with excellence gas barrier and antibacterial activity for litchi preservation[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023, 306(15): 120612.
[3]	MA J J, ZHOU Z Q, LI K, et al. A gas-permeation controllable packaging membrane with porous microspheres as gas "Switches" for efficient preservation of litchi[J]. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,2021,69(35):10281−10291. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02293
[4]	MO F, LIN B F, LAI F J, et al. A green modified microsphere of chitosan encapsulating dimethyl fumarate and cross-linked by vanillin and its application for litchi preservation[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2016,55(16):4490−4498.
[5]	朱建华, 李鸿莉, 秦献泉, 等. 广西荔枝龙眼品种发展历程与展望[J]. 广西农学报,2021,36(5):80−83. [ZHU J H, LI H L, QIN X Q, et al. Development course and prospect of litchi and longan cultivars in Guangxi[J]. Journal of Guangxi Agricultre,2021,36(5):80−83.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4374.2021.05.019 ZHU J H, LI H L, QIN X Q, et al. Development course and prospect of litchi and longan cultivars in Guangxi[J]. Journal of Guangxi Agricultre, 2021, 36（5）: 80−83. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4374.2021.05.019
[6]	KELLERMAN M, JOUBERT J, ERASMUS A, et al. The effect of temperature, exposure time and pH on imazalil residue loading and green mould control on citrus through dip application[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2016,121:159−164. doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.06.014
[7]	OBIANOM C, SIVAKUMAR D. Differential response to combined prochloraz and thyme oil drench treatment in avocados against the control of anthracnose and stem-end rot[J]. Phytoparasitica,2018,46(3):273−281. doi: 10.1007/s12600-018-0663-9
[8]	马桂梅, 普继雄, 孙秀梅, 等. 葡萄炭疽病防治药剂的筛选和残留安全性评价[J]. 中国果树,2022(8):44−46,49. [MA G M, PU J X, SUN X M, et al. Screening and residual safety evaluation of grape anthracnose control[J]. China Fruits,2022(8):44−46,49.] MA G M, PU J X, SUN X M, et al. Screening and residual safety evaluation of grape anthracnose control[J]. China Fruits, 2022（8）: 44−46,49.
[9]	王美玉, 冀志蕊, 王娜, 等. 苹果炭疽叶枯病菌对3种杀菌剂的敏感性分析[J]. 果树学报,2018,35(4):458−468. [WANG M Y, JI Z R, WANG N, et al. Detection of the sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides to three fungicides[J]. China Fruits,2018,35(4):458−468.] WANG M Y, JI Z R, WANG N, et al. Detection of the sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides to three fungicides[J]. China Fruits, 2018, 35（4）: 458−468.
[10]	刘萍, 何建军, 阳廷密, 等. 6种常见杀菌剂用于沙糖桔采后保鲜的效果及其残留[J]. 中国南方果树,2019,48(6):7−11. [LIU P, HE J J, YANG T M, et al. Effect of six fungicides for postharvest fresh keeping of Shatangju fruits and their residual[J]. South China Fruits,2019,48(6):7−11.] LIU P, HE J J, YANG T M, et al. Effect of six fungicides for postharvest fresh keeping of Shatangju fruits and their residual[J]. South China Fruits, 2019, 48（6）: 7−11.
[11]	徐玮. 抑霉唑硫酸盐对柑橘保鲜期病害的防效研究[D]. 雅安:四川农业大学, 2019. [XU W. The control effect of imazalil sulfate on citrus storage diseases[D]. Ya'an:Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019.] XU W. The control effect of imazalil sulfate on citrus storage diseases[D]. Ya'an: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019.
[12]	United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):IRIS assessments[EB/OL]. (1990-06-01)[2023-07-18]. https://iris.epa.gov/ChemicalLanding/&substance_nmbr=122.
[13]	中华人民共和国农业农村部. NY/T 1530-2007 龙眼、荔枝产后贮运保鲜技术规程[S]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2007. [Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. NY/T 1530-2007 Technical regulation for storage and transportation of longyan and litchi after harvest[S]. Beijing:China Agricultural Press, 2007.] Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. NY/T 1530-2007 Technical regulation for storage and transportation of longyan and litchi after harvest[S]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2007.
[14]	邓义才, 骆冲, 马锞, 等. 杀菌剂在荔枝贮藏过程中的残留动态及安全管控研究[J]. 农产品质量与安全,2018(4):81−84. [DENG Y C, LUO C, MA K, et al. Study on residual dynamics and safety control of fungicides in litchi storage[J]. Quality and Safety of Agro-Products,2018(4):81−84.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8255.2018.04.015 DENG Y C, LUO C, MA K, et al. Study on residual dynamics and safety control of fungicides in litchi storage[J]. Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, 2018（4）: 81−84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8255.2018.04.015
[15]	李奕星, 李芬芳, 陈娇, 等. 芥末精油微胶囊结合咪鲜胺处理对荔枝贮藏品质的影响[J]. 海南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2020,33(1):58−63. [LI Y X, LI F F, CHEN J, et al. Effects of mustard essential oil microencapsulation combined with prochloraz treatments on quality of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit during storage[J]. Journal of Hainan Normal University (Natural Science),2020,33(1):58−63.] LI Y X, LI F F, CHEN J, et al. Effects of mustard essential oil microencapsulation combined with prochloraz treatments on quality of litchi （Litchi chinensis Sonn.） fruit during storage[J]. Journal of Hainan Normal University （Natural Science）, 2020, 33（1）: 58−63.
[16]	蒲占湑, 黄振东, 胡秀荣, 等. 浙江省柑橘黑点病菌对代森锰锌、咪鲜胺、王铜、嘧菌酯和甲基硫菌灵的敏感性[J]. 中国农学通报,2019,35(32):115−120. [PU Z X, HUANG Z D, HU X R, et al. Sensitivity of diaporthe citri to mancozeb, prochloraz, copper oxychloride, azoxystrobin and thiophanate-methyl in Zhejiang[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2019,35(32):115−120.] doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070138 PU Z X, HUANG Z D, HU X R, et al. Sensitivity of diaporthe citri to mancozeb, prochloraz, copper oxychloride, azoxystrobin and thiophanate-methyl in Zhejiang[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2019, 35（32）: 115−120. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070138
[17]	赵杰, 陈宣明, 遇露, 等. 唑胺菌酯与咪鲜胺混剂对柑橘炭疽病的药效试验[J]. 农药,2016,55(4):290−291,303. [ZHAO J, CHEN X M, YU L, et al. The efficacy of mixture of pyrametostrobin and prochloraz against citrus anthracnose[J]. Agrochemicals,2016,55(4):290−291,303.] ZHAO J, CHEN X M, YU L, et al. The efficacy of mixture of pyrametostrobin and prochloraz against citrus anthracnose[J]. Agrochemicals, 2016, 55（4）: 290−291,303.
[18]	李鸿筠, 姚廷山, 王联英, 等. 5种药剂对柑橘贮藏病害的防控效果评价[J]. 食品工业科技,2014,35(11):319−323. [LI H Y, YAO T S, WANG L Y, et al. Evaluation on the control effect of 5 fungicides against citrus storage diseases[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2014,35(11):319−323.] LI H Y, YAO T S, WANG L Y, et al. Evaluation on the control effect of 5 fungicides against citrus storage diseases[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2014, 35（11）: 319−323.
[19]	TIAN F J, QIAO C K, WANG C X, et al. Dissipation behavior of prochloraz and its metabolites in grape under open-field, storage and the wine-making process[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2022, 114: 104846.
[20]	苏德森, 郑云云, 陈自强, 等. 咪鲜胺及其代谢物2,4,6-三氯苯酚在金柑防腐保鲜贮藏中的残留动态及风险评估[J]. 食品科学,2021,42(14):315−319. [SU D S, ZHENG Y Y, CHEN Z Q, et al. Residual dynamics and risk assessment of dietary exposure to prochloraz and its metabolite 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in kumquats treated with prochloraz during storage[J]. Food Science,2021,42(14):315−319.] doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20200627-345 SU D S, ZHENG Y Y, CHEN Z Q, et al. Residual dynamics and risk assessment of dietary exposure to prochloraz and its metabolite 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in kumquats treated with prochloraz during storage[J]. Food Science, 2021, 42（14）: 315−319. doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20200627-345
[21]	FANG Q K, YAO G Y, SHI Y H, et al. Residue dynamics and risk assessment of prochloraz and its metabolite 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in apple[J]. Molecules,2017,22(10):1780−1783. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101780
[22]	谢莉, 罗焘, 许让伟, 等. 柑橘果实贮藏期咪鲜胺和抑霉唑残留量的动态变化[J]. 华中农业大学学报,2016,35(1):17−23. [XIE L, LUO T, XU R W, et al. Dynamic analyses of prochloraz and imazalil residues in citrus during fruit storage[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2016,35(1):17−23.] XIE L, LUO T, XU R W, et al. Dynamic analyses of prochloraz and imazalil residues in citrus during fruit storage[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2016, 35（1）: 17−23.
[23]	中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会, 中华人民共和国农业农村部, 国家市场监督管理总局. GB 2763-2021食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量[S]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2021. [National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, State Administration for Market Regulation. GB 2763-2021 National food safety standard. Maximum residue limits for pesticides in food[S]. Beijing:China Agricultural Press, 2021.] National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, State Administration for Market Regulation. GB 2763-2021 National food safety standard. Maximum residue limits for pesticides in food[S]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2021.
[24]	白亮, 马超, 赵宜君, 等. 40%肟菌酯·咪鲜胺水乳剂高效液相色谱分析[J]. 农药,2023,62(4):260−262. [BAI L, MA C, ZHAO Y J, et al. HPLC analysis of prochlorazžtrifloxystrobin 40% EW[J]. Agrochemicals,2023,62(4):260−262.] BAI L, MA C, ZHAO Y J, et al. HPLC analysis of prochlorazžtrifloxystrobin 40% EW[J]. Agrochemicals, 2023, 62（4）: 260−262.
[25]	FU Y, WANG Q S, ZHANG L, et al. Simultaneous determination of prochloraz and three metabolites in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)[J]. Analytical Letters,2020,53(3):355−370. doi: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1651323
[26]	LI R N, DONG F S, XU J, et al. Enantioseparation of imazalil and monitoring of its enantioselective degradation in apples and soils using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2017,65(16):3259−3267. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00258
[27]	陈阳. 全自动快速溶剂提取联合GC-MS/MS法同时测定农作物土壤中5种炭疽病常用农药[J]. 中国测试,2022,48(4):73−76,109. [CHEN Y. Simultaneous determination of five common anthrax pesticides in crop soil by automatic rapid solvent extraction combined with GC-MS/MS[J]. China Measurement & Test,2022,48(4):73−76,109.] CHEN Y. Simultaneous determination of five common anthrax pesticides in crop soil by automatic rapid solvent extraction combined with GC-MS/MS[J]. China Measurement & Test, 2022, 48（4）: 73−76,109.
[28]	YAREN D, AYBUKE G, BERFIN M, et al. A novel and rapid extraction protocol for sensitive and accurate determination of prochloraz in orange juice samples:Vortex-assisted spraying-based fine droplet formation liquid-phase microextraction before gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2020, 55(10).
[29]	中华人民共和国农业农村部. NY/T 788-2018 农药残留试验准则[S]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2018. [Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. NY/T 788-2018 Guideline for the testing of pesticide residues in crops[S]. Beijing:China Agricultural Press, 2018.] Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. NY/T 788-2018 Guideline for the testing of pesticide residues in crops[S]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2018.
[30]	李家庆. 果蔬保鲜手册[M]. 北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2003:363. [LI J Q. Fruit and vegetable preservation manual[M]. Beijing:China Light Industry Press, 2003:363.] LI J Q. Fruit and vegetable preservation manual[M]. Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 2003: 363.
[31]	赵丽云, 丁钢强, 赵文华. 2015-2017年中国居民营养与健康状况监测报告[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2022. [ZHAO L Y, DING G Q, ZHAO W H. Monitoring report on nutrition and health status of Chinese residents of 2015 to 2017[M]. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House, 2022.] ZHAO L Y, DING G Q, ZHAO W H. Monitoring report on nutrition and health status of Chinese residents of 2015 to 2017[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2022.
[32]	国家疾病预防控制局. 中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2021. [National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention. Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases in China (2020)[M]. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House, 2021.] National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention. Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases in China （2020）[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2021.
[33]	WHO. Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS/food)[EB/OL]. (2019-3-26)[2023-3-20]. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/food-safety/gems-food/iesti_calculation21_data-overview.xlsx?sfvrsn=ec9f2eb1_7.
[34]	宋稳成. JMPR评估农药ADI和ARfD 清单[J]. 农药科学与管理,2009,30(8):12−17. [SONG W C. JMPR assessment of ADI and ARfD lists of pesticides[J]. Pesticide Science and Administration,2009,30(8):12−17.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5480.2009.08.002 SONG W C. JMPR assessment of ADI and ARfD lists of pesticides[J]. Pesticide Science and Administration, 2009, 30（8）: 12−17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5480.2009.08.002
[35]	姚周麟, 章虎, 吴韶辉, 等. 抑霉唑手性异构体及其代谢物在柑橘贮藏中的选择性行为[J]. 农药学学报,2022,24(1):142−151. [YAO Z L, ZHANG H, WU S H, et al. Selective behavior of imazalil enantiomers and its metabolites in citrus storage[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2022,24(1):142−151.] YAO Z L, ZHANG H, WU S H, et al. Selective behavior of imazalil enantiomers and its metabolites in citrus storage[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2022, 24（1）: 142−151.

Supplements (1)

Supplements
Other Related Supplements

Cited By

Cited by

Periodical cited type(2)

1.	赵现方，屠婷瑶，王艳君，赵美静，南立军，房玉林. ‘赤霞珠’葡萄扦插苗对铈元素的吸收分布规律. 中外葡萄与葡萄酒. 2025(03): 65-71 .
2.	廖之坚. 纳米二氧化铈在污水处理过程中的应用. 能源化工. 2023(02): 66-70 .