Characteristics of Pesticide Residues and Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment on Commercial Grapes of Hubei Province in 2022

To investigate the residue characteristics of pesticides in commercial grapes in Hubei and their dietary exposure risk, 46 pesticide residues in 128 grape samples from large-scale local markets and supermarkets of Hubei Province in 2022 were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dietary exposure of detected pesticides in grapes was assessed by the veterinary drug residues risk ranking matrix of the UK Veterinary Drug Residues Commission and the index of food safety (IFS). The results showed that the detection rate of the pesticide residue in grapes was 78.1%. Moreover, cyhalothrin detected in four samples exceeded the national maximum residue limit of pesticide and the exceeding rate was 3.1%. According to the residual risk score, there were 7 high-risk pesticides (avermectin, triazole alcohol and thiophanate-methyl, etc), 4 medium-risk pesticides (thiamethoxam, tebuconazole, acetamiprid and cypermethrin) and 9 low-risk pesticides (enoylmorpholine, azoxystrobin and imazalil, etc) among the pesticides detected. Based on the results of risk index, medium-risk samples accounted for 3.1%, and low-risk and very low-risk samples accounted for 96.9%. On the basis of the results of the food safety index method, the IFS values of 20 pesticides detected were lower than 1, indicating that the dietary exposure risk was within an acceptable range. In general, the grape samples monitored in this study had good safety characteristics and low health risks.