Screening and Evaluation of Anti-aging Activity of Ginsenosides Based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae System

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a model organism to screen the anti-aging activity of ginsenosides and explore its activities. The optimal concentration of ginsenoside was screened out based on the growth curve of the model strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742. On this basis, the anti-aging effects of eight ginsenoside monomers Rb1, Rb2, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, Rh1, Rh2 and Rd were screened out based on the growth curve of yeast and the activity of superoxide dismutase SOD to find out the monomer saponin with the best effect. The anti-aging effect of ginsenoside was initially explored through the detection of antioxidant indicators and cell morphological changes. At the same time, the protein of S. cerevisiae was extracted for proteomic analysis to identify the proteins with significant differences, and the functional pathways, attributes and metabolic pathways of the differential proteins were analyzed and studied in combination with the biological analysis related to GO enrichment analysis. The results showed that the optimal concentration of ginsenoside was 180 µg/mL. Among the eight monomer saponins commonly used, ginsenoside Rg1 had significant anti-aging effect and could delay the yeast entering the decline phase. Ginsenoside Rg1 could improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in yeast cells to varying degrees, and reduce the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Proteomic analysis showed that ginsenoside could delay the senescence of S. cerevisiae by involving 14 significantly different proteins and was closely related to cell metabolism.