Composition and Activity Analysis of Supercritical CO₂ Extract from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Residue

To explore the constituents of Zanthoxylum bungeanum supercritical CO₂ extract and its antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The compound composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), its antibacterial activity was analyzed by paper diffusion and double gradient dilution. And the free radical scavenging rate of DPPH and ABTS⁺ of the extract was determined to denote antioxidant activity. The results showed that the extract consisted of alkaloids, enols, amides, flavonoids, coumarins and some other components. The relative content of dendromine was the highest, reaching 38.28%. Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract had a broad antimicrobial spectrum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Shewanella was of Zanthoxylum bungeanum residue extract were 3.125 mg/mL. Compared with Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract, zanthoxylin and Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil, Zanthoxylum bungeanum residue extract had the strongest antioxidant activity, with a clearance rate of 100% of ABTS⁺ free fundamentals at 12.5 mg/mL and 91.35% of DPPH free fundamentals at 50 mg/mL. Therefore, the Zanthoxylum bungeanum residue extract had better antibacterial and antioxidant properties. It had a broad development and application potential, could achieve the high-value utilization of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.