Effects of Three Animal Oils on Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats

Objective: To study the effects of three kinds of animal fats on gastric mucosa damage induced by ethanol in rats. Methods: Low (500 mg/kg) and high doses (850 mg/kg) of deer oil, butter and lard were given to rats by gavage for 30 days. Except for the normal group, rats in the other groups were given 1.0 mL of absolute ethanol per rat. One hour later, blood was taken from anesthesia, and gastric tissue was taken. Morphological observation, histopathological examination and the determination of acute injury indexes were performed on the gastric mucosa of rats. Detect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum of rats in each group. The ELISA method was used to determine the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and RT-PCR was used to detect erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) mRNA expression level. Results: Compared with the model group, the weight of rats in each administration group did not change significantly in each period. The stomach weight/body mass of the rats in the deer oil pretreatment group was extremely significantly reduced(P<0.001), and the gastric mucosal surface had fewer bleeding bands and thinner bleeding bands. The cells were arranged tightly and orderly, the inflammatory infiltration was reduced, the gastric mucosal congestion area and the injury score index were extremely significantly redu(P<0.001)ced, which could significantly increase the activity of GSH-Px, SOD activity(P<0.01) and significantly reduced the level of MDA(P<0.05), thereby improving the body's antioxidant capacity to protect the stomach. In mucosa, deer oil highly significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum, could regulate the inflammatory factors produced by the damage of ethanol to the gastric mucosa, and reduced the mRNA expression of EPO and EPOR; rats in the butter pretreatment group, there were many slender bleeding bands on the surface of the gastric mucosa, the color was slightly darker, the cell arrangement was more orderly, the gastric mucosal congestion area and the injury score index were reduced, which could significantly increase the SOD activity(P<0.001) and reduce the MDA level to enhance the antioxidant capacity and protected the gastric mucosa; In the lard pretreatment group, there were many wide bleeding bands on the gastric mucosa surface, which were darker in color, and had no obvious effect on acute gastric mucosal injury. Conclusion: The protective effects of three animal fats on acute gastric mucosal injury are in order: deer oil>butter>lard. Deer oil has a significant protective effect on acute gastric mucosal injury in rats. The protective effect of butter is weak, while lard has no obvious protective effect.