Research Progress of the Beneficial Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Inflammatory Aging and Related Diseases in Middle-aged and Elderly Population

Fish oil is rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). DHA and EPA can produce eicosanoids with anti-inflammatory properties in the body, such as prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TX), resolvins (RV), leukotrienes (LTs) and other oxidative derivatives. Moreover, fish oil supplementation can reduce the levels of inflammatory aging related factors (serum IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α and CRP), and has positive preventive effect on inflammatory aging related diseases.In this paper, the icosahedron derivation of DHA and EPA and their relationship with the derivatization of arachidonic acid (AA) are introduced. Meanwhile, based on the relationship between fish oil supplement and inflammatory aging related factors, the effects of dietary fish oil on cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cognitive impairment and type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and elderly people were summarized. Data have shown that fish oil has a positive clinical effect in reducing inflammatory aging factors, improving dyslipidemia and reducing the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.However, there is insufficient evidence of a therapeutic or preventive effect on cognitive impairment and type 2 diabetes.