Protective Effects of Sporoderm-broken Spore Powder of Haematococcus pluvialis on Liver and Kidney of Type 2 Diabetes Rats

Objective: To study the protective effect of sporoderm-broken spore powder of Haematococcus pluvialis on liver and kidney in type 2 diabetes rats. Methods: SD rats were divided into normal group and model group. The normal group was fed with ordinary feed,and 70 rats were modeled with high-fat and high-sugar diet for 4 weeks. Then intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 35 mg/kg BW;continued feeding for 4 weeks,and the blood glucose was measured to divide the successful model rats into model group,low dose group,medium dose group,high dose group,and hypoglycemic drug group. The rats in model group were administrated with double distilled water,meanwhile,the low,medium,and high dose groups were administered orally to 50,100 and 200 mg/kg BW,respectively,the rats in hypoglycemic drug group were administered orally with metformin hydrochloride(28.5 mg/kg BW),and continued to be fed with high-fat and high-sugar feed for 4 weeks. The rats were sacrificed. The alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activities,albumin(ALB)and globulin(GLO)contents of the serum were determined. Liver and kidney were obtained for determining the related markers,including superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),malondialdehyde(MDA),and the inflammatory factor levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).Liver and kidney HE stained pathological sections were made to observe the liver and kidney histopathological changes. Results: Compared with the model group,rats in treatment groups had a significance reduction in serum ALT,AST,ALP,LDH activities,GLO content(P<0.01)and ALB content(P<0.05)in type 2 diabetes rats. The treatment groups significantly increased the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in liver and kidney tissues(P<0.01),reduce the content of MDA(P<0.01),and significantly reduce the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β(P<0.01). Furthermore,the pathological injury of liver and kidney tissues were also significantly improved. Conclusion: Sporoderm-broken spore powder of Haematococcus pluvialis can ameliorate the liver and kidney damage in type 2 diabetes rats. The mechanism may be related to reducing oxidative stress and reducing inflammatory responses.