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中国精品科技期刊2020
李雪,褚鑫雨,苏二正,等. DES提取文冠果叶皂苷及其对采后病原真菌的抑制作用[J]. 食品工业科技,2025,46(4):1−11. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040096.
引用本文: 李雪,褚鑫雨,苏二正,等. DES提取文冠果叶皂苷及其对采后病原真菌的抑制作用[J]. 食品工业科技,2025,46(4):1−11. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040096.
LI Xue, CHU Xinyu, SU Erzheng, et al. Extraction of Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Inhibitory Activity against Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(4): 1−11. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040096.
Citation: LI Xue, CHU Xinyu, SU Erzheng, et al. Extraction of Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Inhibitory Activity against Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(4): 1−11. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040096.

DES提取文冠果叶皂苷及其对采后病原真菌的抑制作用

Extraction of Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Inhibitory Activity against Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi

  • 摘要: 为研究低共熔溶剂(DES)提取文冠果叶皂苷的效果及其抑菌活性,采用了43种DES提取文冠果叶皂苷,选择得率最高的氯化胆碱:乳酸(1:1)为提取溶剂,通过单因素和Box-Behnken试验优化提取工艺,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)对提取物进行成分鉴定;通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和X-射线衍射(XRD)分析探究了DES对文冠果叶皂苷的提取机制。此外,考察了文冠果叶皂苷对危害果蔬的6种典型真菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,在DES浓度47.00%、液固比42.00 mL/g、提取温度43.00 ℃的条件下,DES提取文冠果叶皂苷得率达到(10.22±0.28)%,较传统溶剂得率提高了38.8%,是一种应用潜力很大的文冠果叶皂苷提取方法;DES从文冠果叶中提取的皂苷类化合物主要包括羟基积雪草酸、皂苷元D、甘草次酸、齐墩果酸、人参皂苷Rg3、山楂酸、柴胡皂苷A和积雪草酸;DES通过溶解细胞壁中的部分木质素和半纤维素,导致细胞壁破损,因此皂苷类化合物更易溶出;文冠果叶皂苷能有效抑制6种典型果蔬采后病原真菌中的3种—黑曲霉、米根霉和黄曲霉孢子的萌发,其中对米根霉的孢子萌发抑制效果最好,抑制率达到(78.76±2.56)%,且文冠果叶皂苷通过抑制真菌的抗氧化酶活性而抑制其生长,表明文冠果叶皂苷在果蔬采后保鲜方面具有良好的应用前景。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the impact of deep eutectic solvents (DES) on the extraction of saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge leaves (XLs) and their antifungal properties, a total of 43 DES were utilized for the extraction. Among these, choline chloride:lactic acid (1:1) exhibited the highest extraction efficiency and was therefore chosen as the extraction solvent. Optimization of the extraction procedure was carried out through one-way and Box-Behnken experiments. The extracts were characterized using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The mechanism of XLs saponins extraction by DES was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of XLs saponins on six typical fungi that pose a threat to fruits and vegetables were evaluated. The results showed that under the conditions of DES concentration of 47.00%, liquid-solid ratio of 42.00 mL/g, and extraction temperature of 43.00 ℃, the extraction rate of XLs saponin using DES reached (10.22±0.28)%, representing a 38.8% increase compared to traditional solvents. It was an extraction method of XLs saponin with great potential for application. The saponins extracted by DES from XLs mainly include madecassic acid, saikogenin D, glycyrrhetinic acid, oleanolic acid, ginsenoside Rg3, maslinic acid, saikosaponin A and asiatic acid. DES was observed to disrupt cell integrity and cell wall structure by dissolving lignin and hemicellulose components, facilitating the release and solubilization of saponins. Additionally, XLs saponin demonstrated effective inhibition of spores of Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus flavus of three out of the six typical post-harvest pathogenic fungi of fruits and vegetables. Among the pathogenic fungi studied, the spore germination of Rhizopus oryzae was inhibited with the best effect, the inhibition rate reached (78.76±2.56)%, and XLs saponin inhibited the growth of the fungus by suppression the antioxidant enzyme activity. These results suggest promising applications for XLs saponins in the postharvest preservation of fruits and vegetables.

     

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