Abstract: The engineering and optimization of microbial strains form the core of modern industrial biotechnology, and the foundation of industrial microbial chassis cells has emerged as a hotspot in the field of synthetic biology. Guided by the "design-build-test-learn" approach, designing and engineering microbial chassis cells have become the critical strategy to develop efficient cell factories. This study presents a comprehensive review on strategies of synthetic biology, highlighting the remolding and optimization techniques employed for microbial chassis cells. Meanwhile, this study summarized the applications and platforms benefited from industrial microbial chassis cells based on biology synthesis. Finally, this study discussed challenges encountered during chassis cell construction and put forward the future prospects to pave the way for microbial cell factories with superior attributes.