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中国精品科技期刊2020

基于HPLC-ECD研究景天三七抗氧化活性的谱效关系

杨锡金, 王艳, 陈梓瀚, 刘明芸, 吴俊, 向杨, 陈荣祥, 周亚平

杨锡金,王艳,陈梓瀚,等. 基于HPLC-ECD研究景天三七抗氧化活性的谱效关系[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(16):15−24. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100158.
引用本文: 杨锡金,王艳,陈梓瀚,等. 基于HPLC-ECD研究景天三七抗氧化活性的谱效关系[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(16):15−24. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100158.
YANG Xijin, WANG Yan, CHEN Zihan, et al. Study on the Spectrum Effect Relationship of Antioxidant Activity of Sedum aizoon L. Based on HPLC-ECD[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(16): 15−24. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100158.
Citation: YANG Xijin, WANG Yan, CHEN Zihan, et al. Study on the Spectrum Effect Relationship of Antioxidant Activity of Sedum aizoon L. Based on HPLC-ECD[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(16): 15−24. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100158.

基于HPLC-ECD研究景天三七抗氧化活性的谱效关系

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(81960707,81760652);遵义医科大学大学生创新创业项目(ZYDC2021065,ZYDC2021152)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨锡金(1998−),女,硕士,研究方向:药物分析,E-mail:yxj505507403@163.com

    通讯作者:

    陈荣祥(1984−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:药用植物色谱分析,E-mail:chenrongxiang2014@163.com

    周亚平(1986−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:药物分析,E-mail:yaping20302@163.com

  • 中图分类号: R917

Study on the Spectrum Effect Relationship of Antioxidant Activity of Sedum aizoon L. Based on HPLC-ECD

  • 摘要: 目的:基于谱效关系研究,寻找景天三七抗氧化活性的物质基础,为其质量控制提供一定的参考依据。方法:建立不同产地景天三七的HPLC-ECD(High performance liquid chromatography-Electrochemical Detection,HPLC-ECD)指纹图谱并进行相似度评价;通过偏最小二乘回归分析和灰色关联分析研究指纹图谱与其抗氧化活性之间的谱效关系。结果:建立了景天三七的HPLC-ECD指纹图谱,样品间的相似度较高,共标定17个共有峰,通过与对照品比对鉴别出了没食子酸、原儿茶酸、色氨酸、没食子酸甲酯、表没食子儿茶素、咖啡酸、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、鸢尾酚酮、杨梅苷、异槲皮苷、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷等12种成分;谱效关系表明,没食子酸、原儿茶酸、表没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷的VIP值均大于1;其中没食子酸、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷的关联度接近于0.8。分子对接结果表明,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、杨梅苷、异槲皮苷、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷的Libdock Score较高。因此,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、杨梅苷、异槲皮苷、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷等化合物为景天三七抗氧化活性的关键成分。结论:结合化学计量学方法进行谱效关系研究,确定了景天三七抗氧化活性物质基础,可为景天三七的质量评价提供了一定的科学依据。
    Abstract: Objective: To find the material basis of antioxidant activity of Sedum aizoon L. based on the study of spectrum-effect relationship, which provided a certain reference for its quality control. Method: The fringerprint of Sedum aizoon L. from different areas were established by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) and the similarity of the samples were evaluated. At the same time, the spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC-ECD fingerprint of Sedum aizoon L. and antioxidant activity was studied by partial least squares regression analysis and grey correlation analysis. Results: The HPLC-ECD fingerprint of Sedum aizoon L was established. The similarity of the samples was high and 17 common peaks were obtained. Among them, the 12 components were identified with the standard solution, including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, tryptophan, methyl gallate, epigallocatechin, caffeic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, iriflophene, myricitrin, isoquercitrin, rosmarinic acid and quercitrin. The spectrum relationship showed that the variables important in projection (VIP) scores of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, rosmarinic acid and quercitrin were greater than 1. Among them, the grey correlation degree of gallic acid, rosmarinic acid and quercitrin was nearly 0.8. Furthermore, epigallocatechin gallate, myricitrin, isoquercitrin, rosmarinic acid and quercitrin had higher libdock score in molecular docking. Therefore, epigallocatechin gallate, myricitrin, isoquercitrin, rosmarinic acid and quercitrin were the primary components contributing to the antioxidant activity of Sedum aizoon L.. Conclusion: The basis of antioxidant activity of Sedum aizoon L. was determined by the study of spectrum effect relationship with chemometrics, which provides a certain scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Sedum aizoon L..
  • 景天三七(Sedum aizoon L)为景天科景天属的多年生草本植物[1],别名费菜、养心草、救心菜等,在我国主要分布于福建、江苏、河北、河南等地。景天三七可作药用,具有良好的抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌和止血等生物活性,用于止血止痛、消肿散瘀、宁心安神、消炎和高血压等病症[2-3]。据文献报道,民间广泛将景天三七作为药食两用的天然物用于高血脂、高血压和一些心脏疾病的防治,故被称为“救心菜”,中科院武汉植物园曾立项将其作为茎叶类蔬菜进行开发利用[4],并且被中国绿色食品发展中心认定为AA级绿色食品[5]。景天三七始载于《救荒本草》,其化学成分主要包括酚酸类、黄酮类、糖类、挥发油、生物碱以及三萜类等[6-7]。其中黄酮和酚酸类成分为景天三七中的主要活性成分[8],如原儿茶酸、咖啡酸、杨梅素、槲皮素、木犀草苷等[9-10]

    现有对景天三七指纹图谱与活性的研究多是在抗炎、止血和安神等药理作用,如林珠灿等[9]采用HPLC指纹图谱法研究其抗炎活性成分;蔡扬帆等[10]采用HPLC法建立不同产地景天三七指纹图谱,筛选安神活性部位。或是单以相似度评价药材质量,如林珠灿等[11]对景天三七HPLC指纹图谱的研究。景天三七抗氧化活性多集中于总酚和总黄酮,如王佰灵等[12]对景天三七中总多酚提取工艺的优化及抗氧化研究,对具体作用成分的分析较少。或单以少数成分研究其抗氧化活性,如Gong等[13]以不同干燥方法研究对景天三七不同部位酚类化合物及抗氧化能力的影响。目前,景天三七与抗氧化活性的谱效关系尚未有明确报道,而液相色谱指纹图谱可以表征植物活性物质,是评价食源性植物质量和一致性的重要方法,结合谱效关系可筛选食源性植物中的生物活性成分[14]。常用的检测器中,电化学检测器因其选择性好、灵敏度高、响应快,且能够更快速检测分析具有高电化学活性、易氧化的化合物,如:酚酸、杂环化合物,目前已广泛应用于生物、化学和医学等领域[15-16]

    综上,本研究拟建立高效液相色谱-电化学检测(HPLC-ECD)指纹图谱,通过相似度评价对各批次样品进行质量评价;同时,测定1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除活性、2,2-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS)自由基清除活性以及铁离子还原能力(ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP),结合偏最小二乘回归分析和灰色关联分析等化学计量学方法,研究景天三七指纹图谱与抗氧化活性之间的谱效关系。

    景天三七 采集自贵州、重庆、云南、河南、河北、安徽、江苏等不同地区,经遵义医科大学孟令杰博士鉴定为景天科植物景天三七(Sedum aizoon L)的地上部分,经45 ℃烘干至恒重后粉碎。样品信息见表1;乙腈 色谱级,北京伊诺凯科技有限公司;没食子酸、原儿茶酸、色氨酸、没食子酸甲酯、表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin,EGC)、咖啡酸、杨梅苷、迷迭香酸、槲皮苷 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG) 四川维克奇生物科技有限公司;异槲皮苷 成都普菲德生物技术有限公司;鸢尾酚酮 成都植标化纯生物技术有限公司;对照品纯度均大于97%;所有其余试剂均为分析纯。

    表  1  景天三七样品信息
    Table  1.  Information of Sedum aizoon L. samples
    样品编号产地收集时间 样品编号产地收集时间 样品编号产地收集时间
    S1贵州黔东南2021.07 S9河北廊坊2021.07 S17江苏宿迁2021.08
    S2重庆丰都2021.07S10河北定州2021.07S18江苏宿迁2021.08
    S3云南昆明2021.07S11安徽芜湖2021.07S19河北石家庄2021.08
    S4湖南永州2021.07S12山东曹县2021.08S20江苏宿迁2021.08
    S5河南商丘2021.07S13山东曹县2021.08S21山东临沂2021.08
    S6河南周口2021.07S14江苏沐阳2021.08S22江苏宿迁2021.08
    S7河南南阳2021.07S15江苏宿迁2021.08S23江苏苏州2021.08
    S8河北南宫2021.07S16江苏宿迁2021.08
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    UltiMate 3000 bio-RS超高效液相色谱仪(配备Chromeleon 7.2工作站、ECD-3000 RS电化学检测器,检测池为安培检测池)、ST8R小型台式离心机、1510酶标仪 美国Thermo-fisher;ME104E/02电子分析天平、FE28型pH计 梅特勒-托利多;SB-5200DT型超声波清洗机 宁波新芝生物科技有限公司;Purelab Chorus 2超纯水系统 英国埃尔格。

    参考文献[17-18],分别精密称取23批景天三七粉末(过60目筛)0.7 g,料液比按1 g:20 mL加入80%甲醇,超声提取30 min,放冷,再称定质量,用80%甲醇补足失重;于10000 r/min 离心5 min后,取上清液用0.22 μm有机滤膜过滤。

    分别精密称取没食子酸、原儿茶酸、色氨酸、没食子酸甲酯、EGC、咖啡酸、EGCG、杨梅苷、异槲皮苷、迷迭香酸、槲皮苷等适量对照品,甲醇溶解,配制成质量浓度为1 mg/mL的标准品储备液,于−20 ℃冰箱保存备用。

    色谱柱:XBridge BEH shield RP18色谱柱(3.0 mm×150 mm,2.5 μm);流动相:A:乙腈,B:50 mmol/L柠檬酸缓冲溶液(pH2.75),梯度洗脱:0~20 min,2.5%~25% A;20~25 min,25%~42.5% A;25~33 min,42.5%~75% A。体积流量:0.6 mL/min;柱温:45 ℃;检测电压:600 mV;进样体积:4 μL。

    称取景天三七样品粉末,按“1.2.1”方法制备供试品溶液,按上述“1.2.3”色谱条件条件测定并记录峰面积,计算其含量。

    参考文献[19-20],将样品提取液稀释80倍作为供试液,于2 mL离心管中加入60 μL供试液和140 μL 80%甲醇,再加入400 μL DPPH溶液(0.1 mg/mL),混合均匀后于室温下避光静置30 min。在波长517 nm处测定吸光值,DPPH自由基清除能力以Trolox当量(mg TE/g DW)表示。

    参考文献[19-20],配制ABTS溶液,734 nm处吸光度为0.70±0.02。样液稀释250倍作为供试液。分别取40 μL供试液和160 μL 80%甲醇,加入400 μL ABTS工作液,混合均匀后,于暗处反应30 min,734 nm处测定吸光度,计算Trolox当量(mg TE/g DW)。

    参考文献[19-20],工作液由20 mmol/L FeCl3溶液、冰醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液(pH3.6)和10 mmol/L TPTZ溶液按1:10:1配制而成。将提取液稀释60倍作为供试液,取60 μL供试液和40 μL 80%甲醇置于2 mL离心管中,加入300 μL TPTZ工作液,于37 ℃水浴中反应10 min,测定其在593 nm处的吸光度,FRAP以Trolox当量(mg TE/g DW)表示。

    采用中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)建立HPLC-ECD指纹图谱;采用SPSS软件,对 23批样品进行系统聚类分析;采用SIMCA 14.1软件,建立PLSR模型;采用Excel进行GRA分析;参考文献[21-22],通过RCSB PDB数据库获取蛋白结构,将化合物与GSTP1、ROS-1、TNF、HO-2和NO-1导入Discover Studio 2016进行分子对接。

    按“1.2.1”项下制备供试液,“1.2.3”项条件下连续进样6次。各共有峰保留时间RSD在0.05%~0.29%之间,峰面积的RSD在1.98%~6.20%之间。表明仪器精密度良好。

    按“1.2.1”项下制备供试液,分别于0、2、4、6、12、24 h进样一次。各共有峰保留时间RSD在0.07%~0.78%之间,峰面积的RSD在2.48%~7.18%。表明供试品溶液在24 h内稳定。

    按“1.2.1”项下制备6份供试液,“1.2.3”项条件下进样分析。各共有峰保留时间RSD均在0.01%~0.39%之间,峰面积的RSD在0.29%~6.44%之间。表明方法重复性良好。

    景天三七HPLC-ECD指纹图谱见图1,共标定17个共有峰。以S1为参照图谱,依次进行多点校正、峰匹配后以平均数法生成对照图谱(见图2)并进行相似度计算。通过图2与混合标准品溶液的色谱图比对(图3),2号峰为没食子酸,4号峰为原儿茶酸,6号峰为色氨酸,7号峰为没食子酸甲酯,8号峰为EGC,9号峰为咖啡酸,11号峰为EGCG,12号峰为鸢尾酚酮,13号峰为杨梅苷,14号峰为异槲皮苷,15号峰为迷迭香酸,17号峰为槲皮苷。各批样品的相似度结果见表2,其相似度较高,范围在0.852~1.000之间,表明各批景天三七样品间一致性较高。

    图  1  23批景天三七HPLC-ECD指纹图谱
    Figure  1.  HPLC-ECD fingerprint of 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L.
    图  2  23批景天三七样品指纹图谱的共有模式图
    Figure  2.  Common pattern of the fingerprint of 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L.
    表  2  23批景天三七的相似度结果
    Table  2.  Similarity evaluation of 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L.
    样品编号相似度 样品编号相似度 样品编号相似度
    S10.997 S90.995 S170.999
    S20.938S101.000S180.999
    S30.852S110.989S190.883
    S40.992S120.991S200.988
    S50.997S130.991S210.996
    S60.997S140.967S220.999
    S70.999S150.999S230.997
    S80.999S160.994
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    图  3  混合对照品溶液色谱图
    注:2-没食子酸;4-原儿茶酸;6-色氨酸;7-没食子酸甲酯;8-EGC; 9-咖啡酸;11-EGCG;12-鸢尾酚酮;13-杨梅苷;14-异槲皮苷;15-迷迭香酸;17-槲皮苷。
    Figure  3.  Chromatogram of standard solution

    分别精密吸取“1.2.2”项下的对照品溶液,配制成不同浓度的混合对照品溶液,按上述色谱条件进样分析,记录峰面积。以对照品的浓度(μg/mL)为横坐标,峰面积为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,计算线性回归方程,见表3。12种化合物在线性范围内,线性关系良好,r在0.9990~0.9999范围内。

    表  3  方法学考察
    Table  3.  Method validation of the proposed method
    化合物线性范围(μg/mL)线性方程r平均加样回收率(%)RSD (%)
    没食子酸1.5~75Y=1.0556X−0.21310.999997.763.92
    原儿茶酸0.1~10Y=0.5784X+0.01430.999493.086.35
    色氨酸2.5~50Y=0.6446X+0.50040.999598.714.85
    没食子酸甲酯0.2~10Y=0.8211+0.07890.999397.213.16
    EGC0.5~25Y=0.185X−0.03640.999399.356.34
    咖啡酸0.1~5Y=0.46X−0.01850.999694.193.60
    EGCG0.3~150Y=0.0649+0.02990.999697.632.01
    杨梅苷3.8~95Y=0.0314X+0.03550.999098.615.95
    异槲皮苷2.5~50Y=0.015X-0.00550.999796.075.56
    迷迭香酸0.01~5Y=0.0558X+0.0010.999494.742.14
    鸢尾酚酮2.5~50Y=0.0513X+0.04250.999296.965.72
    槲皮苷0.8~40Y=0.0142X+0.00960.999697.144.83
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    按“1.2.1”项下制备供试液,连续进样6次。各共有峰保留时间RSD在0.05%~0.26%之间,峰面积RSD在1.85%~5.93%之间。表明仪器精密度良好。

    按“1.2.1”项下制备供试液,分别于0、2、4、6、12、24 h进样一次。各共有峰保留时间RSD在0.12%~0.95%之间,峰面积RSD在2.15%~6.86%。表明供试品溶液在24 h内稳定。

    按“1.2.1”项下制备6份供试液,进样分析。各共有峰保留时间RSD均在0.03%~0.28%之间,峰面积RSD在1.24%~6.25%之间。表明该方法重复性良好。

    取同一批含量已知的景天三七粉末6份,每份约0.35 g,加入适量对照品,按“1.2.1 样品制备”方法制备供试液,进样测定,计算回收率。结果见表3,平均加样回收率在93.08%~99.35%之间,其RSD在2.01%~6.35%之间。

    含量测定结果见表4。其中,没食子酸、色氨酸、EGCG、杨梅苷和异槲皮苷的含量较高,其含量分别为207.52~2319.45、338.28~1136.17、25.97~2476.61、433.39~2675.31和7.69~759.54 μg/g;各批样品之间也存在较大差异。任平等[23]的研究表明,土壤元素中的钙、铜、铁对景天三七活性成分含量影响较大。同时,充足的降水量可保证植物的正常生长代谢和次生代谢物质的累积。多个温度因子对黄酮含量呈现负相关,因而适度低温有利于黄酮类物质的合成,并且较大的温差有利于景天三七谷甾醇、总黄酮和景天庚糖的累积,尤其是总黄酮含量的增加最为明显。何晶晶等[24]的研究结果表明,不同采收期的景天三七含量存在差异。因此,景天三七样品间的差异不仅与产地间的多种生态因子有关,同时还与采收季节有关,也可能是药材的成熟程度不同而导致。

    表  4  23批景天三七中12种化合物含量测定结果(μg/g)
    Table  4.  Contents of 12 compounds in 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L. (μg/g)
    编号没食子酸原儿茶酸色氨酸没食子酸甲酯EGC咖啡酸EGCG鸢尾酚酮杨梅苷异槲皮苷迷迭香酸槲皮苷
    S11010.1523.89624.25155.76222.6827.4347.85785.111006.99186.9315.93132.95
    S2537.0842.00757.70131.55185.369.8025.97551.301878.03307.1616.38244.93
    S3207.523.02442.7710.0849.395.86125.68169.84433.397.690.9961.67
    S4783.2223.41684.6950.06178.0420.29579.07292.501805.69476.8030.10302.78
    S51037.808.08503.9347.87191.149.92734.59555.041296.53174.3131.01268.53
    S61577.0723.17746.70168.46496.1721.081716.99772.361864.05483.1228.79360.56
    S72261.7839.791033.6893.35399.9525.901114.10546.832675.31310.1828.70411.50
    S81142.7732.91659.16125.46147.0919.101442.95469.601448.08319.5235.43354.28
    S91264.3020.93685.20276.02321.4311.581023.02657.101266.34262.1521.98253.19
    S101542.0718.76906.4753.52347.8212.711215.22608.821151.66203.1321.39222.36
    S111804.0242.47620.5577.11416.5812.93879.94421.102597.91510.2917.29362.86
    S122319.4534.19853.57110.32482.8818.102476.61870.112155.40449.0842.79418.57
    S131919.3427.22710.4275.57353.8818.412145.62593.871675.01403.2426.90344.03
    S14721.132.72849.7810.98111.4026.28215.42317.49682.0083.726.3676.77
    S151042.8414.72672.4193.00241.5017.83985.61248.691175.77188.5814.85189.54
    S16883.689.23374.0654.15295.5815.03404.60414.941386.69208.628.89181.51
    S17748.4114.90338.2827.54180.8016.31232.48278.291270.59188.5815.25148.21
    S18962.6115.79700.4837.71229.4316.58840.06350.461195.62200.9321.57138.44
    S19611.5416.051136.17219.95119.0618.60444.49543.611402.90284.9319.18198.20
    S20863.8218.06806.4839.24152.5122.98628.86637.251080.54213.0117.47103.47
    S21908.6917.56428.6213.50119.7210.89703.94360.432357.61759.549.75355.08
    S22850.2518.71596.9176.56218.8513.78832.63390.472149.33293.9926.81294.76
    S231716.1240.33853.13195.65215.2822.81937.23461.102650.80375.7914.13274.33
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    体外抗氧化活性的测定结果见表5。DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力的范围分别为5.87~100.92、25.57~274.66和8.54~122.12 mg TE/g DW其中,S12的抗氧化活性最强;抗氧化活性较弱的样品为S3和S14,二者原儿茶酸、没食子酸甲酯、EGC、杨梅苷、异槲皮苷、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷的含量均较低,故而活性较弱。因此这几种成分可能与景天三七的抗氧化活性密切相关。

    表  5  23批景天三七抗氧化能力测定结果
    Table  5.  Results of antioxidant activity in 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L.
    编号DPPH(mg TE/g DW)FRAP(mg TE/g DW)ABTS(mg TE/g DW) 编号DPPH(mg TE/g DW)FRAP(mg TE/g DW)ABTS(mg TE/g DW)
    S154.4355.25134.64 S1383.9895.80210.81
    S250.0152.18137.26S1417.0619.1954.79
    S35.878.5425.57S1563.9562.44138.75
    S469.4972.14162.88S1640.4639.3077.96
    S558.6457.37124.67S1738.1037.8785.83
    S679.0385.35189.91S1837.2536.4795.19
    S782.0592.97206.96S1950.9255.85116.79
    S883.9085.50192.53S2048.3450.38117.76
    S983.4586.05178.45S2164.3166.18149.15
    S1065.8472.37170.67S2254.2867.99134.20
    S1167.6290.41190.96S2372.6185.73182.83
    S12100.92122.12274.66
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    图4所示,当平方欧氏距离为5时,23批样品可被分为五类,第Ⅰ类包括S1、S4、S5、S8、S9、S14、S15、S16、S17、S18、S20、S21、S22,化合物间的含量差异较小,且含量较高。其中,多数样品的产地为江苏,与湖南、山东、贵州、河南、河北等地的样品有少许交叉,而江苏一带为亚热带季风气候-温带季风气候。夏季高温多雨,降水量充足,有利于生物活性物质的积累。第Ⅱ类仅含S2和S19;而样品S3被单独分为第Ⅲ类,S3中大多数化合物含量均低于其他样品,故而被单列为一类。研究表明,适度的低温和较大的温差,有利于黄酮类化合物的合成。S3样品产地为云南省昆明市,全年温差较小,日照长;多数化合物含量均为最低,故而证实了温差对景天三七中活性成分的含量有一定影响;第Ⅳ类包括S6、S10、S11、S13、S23,该类中样品产地较为分散,但均为邻省,差异较小而聚为一类;第Ⅴ类为S7和S12,二者的成分含量差异较小,且含量较高,同为邻省。综上,景天三七中活性成分的含量与产地有一定关联,但关联性较小,可能是受其生长环境、生态因子的影响而产生了样品之间的差异,过度的土壤酸化可能会抑制景天三七的生长,出现功能紊乱,锌、镁、锰和速效钾等土壤因素影响会其活性物质的合成量;其次,景天三七的营养物质含量还与光照强度有关,过强或过弱的光照均会抑制其生长。

    图  4  23批景天三七的聚类树状图
    Figure  4.  Cluster dendrogram of 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L.

    图5A结果表明,12种化合物均与ABTS、DPPH自由基清除能力及FRAP呈正相关,没食子酸、原儿茶酸、EGC、EGCG、鸢尾酚酮、杨梅苷、异槲皮苷、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷与抗氧化活性的相关性较好,3种体外抗氧化活性测定指标间的相关性差异较小。

    图  5  景天三七12种化合物与抗氧化活性的PLSR模型回归系数(A)及VIP值(B)
    Figure  5.  PLSR model regression coefficients (A) and VIP values (B) of the 12 compounds in Sedum aizoon L. and antioxidant activity

    VIP值越大,说明该自变量对因变量的贡献率越大,当VIP值>1时,自变量与因变量呈显著相关。没食子酸、原儿茶酸、EGC、EGCG、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷的VIP值均大于1(图5B),与DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力和FRAP具有显著相关性。其中,槲皮苷>没食子酸>EGCG>迷迭香酸,原儿茶酸与EGC的抗氧化能力差异较小。董馨等[25]推测酚羟基化合物的构效关系为邻三酚羟基>邻对三酚羟基>间三酚羟基,邻二酚羟基>对二酚羟基>间二酚羟基。黄酮类化合物结构中B环酚羟基活性高于A环,且B环上3,4-邻苯二酚结构活性最强[26]。槲皮苷具有邻二酚羟基和间二酚羟基,其中3,4-邻苯二酚活性较强,虽然含量不及没食子酸,其活性却略强于没食子酸,但二者差异较小;没食子酸具有邻三酚羟基,且其含量较高,为景天三七中的主要活性成分,ECCG具有两个邻三酚羟基和1个间二酚羟基,迷迭香酸具有2个邻二酚羟基。因此,本研究对体外抗氧化活性的研究与前人的研究结果基本一致。

    关联度越大,化学成分的抗氧化活性作用越强。结果表明(表6),各化合物与体外抗氧化活性的关联度均大于0.6,均与体外抗氧化活性密切相关,是多种化合物共同作用的结果。对ABTS自由基清除能力贡献较大的共有峰(关联度>0.7)主要有:没食子酸>迷迭香酸>槲皮苷>EGC>异槲皮苷>原儿茶酸>EGCG>杨梅苷>鸢尾酚酮,其中没食子酸的关联度高达0.8168,对抗氧化活性的影响较大。槲皮苷、迷迭香酸、没食子酸、鸢尾酚酮、EGC、杨梅苷和异槲皮苷的关联度均大于0.7,对DPPH自由基清除能力的贡献较大,相关性较显著,其中的槲皮苷关联度大于0.8。除色氨酸、没食子酸甲酯、咖啡酸外,其余9种化合物与FRAP的关联度较大,其中没食子酸、槲皮苷和迷迭香酸的关联度均大于0.8,对FRAP的贡献极大。

    表  6  12种化合物与抗氧化活性的灰色关联结果
    Table  6.  Results of gray correlation between 12 compounds and antioxidant activity
    化合物ABTS排名DPPH排名FRAP排名平均关联度平均排名
    没食子酸0.816810.764630.818510.80001
    原儿茶酸0.771460.719270.754760.74846
    色氨酸0.6916100.6414110.6720100.668311
    没食子酸甲酯0.6622120.6277120.6563120.648712
    EGC0.778140.727650.769740.75854
    咖啡酸0.6640110.6750100.6710110.670010
    EGCG0.747270.676590.734580.71949
    鸢尾酚酮0.733690.734640.733490.73398
    杨梅苷0.736980.720160.745070.73407
    异槲皮苷0.777350.701080.767650.74865
    迷迭香酸0.798120.780220.802530.79363
    槲皮苷0.792630.801510.805220.79982
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    以ABTS、DPPH和FRAP三者的关联度之和来看,景天三七中体外抗氧化活性较强的前5种化合物为:没食子酸、槲皮苷、迷迭香酸、EGC和异槲皮苷,该结果与偏最小二乘回归分析结果有些许差异,但可以确定的是没食子酸、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷与抗氧化活性的关联度极大,可将其作为一个质控指标。而没食子酸甲酯和咖啡酸,它们虽具有酚羟基结构,但其含量较低,发挥的作用较小,故而关联度较小。而HPLC-ECD中较为特殊的一个色谱峰为色氨酸,其含量较高,但是与抗氧化活性的关联度较小。其他化合物均为酚类化合物,在体外具有很强的抗氧化作用,主要抗氧化能力存在于酚环中的双键,羟基侧链和糖基化都有助于清除自由基活性。而色氨酸在结构上不同,由于吲哚环的不稳定性,在ECD上可以被氧化[27],与自由基结合生成稳定物质而发挥抗氧化作用。基于吲哚环和异吲哚环在ECD上的良好响应,常用来分析氨基酸类化合物[28]。但是,其抗氧化能力相对于酚类化合物较差。如钩藤中的钩藤碱和利血平均为吲哚类生物碱[29-30],钩藤碱的主要药理活性体现在心血管系统和中枢神经系统的保护作用[31],利血平主要药理活性为降压作用,而抗氧化并不是它们的主要活性。

    结果以Libdock Score表示(见表7),Libdock Score 越高,小分子与受体结合的活性越高。12种化合物均能与活性靶点的关键活性氨基酸残基结合,与各靶点的对接结果基本一致,表明对接参数较为合理,结果可靠。EGC、EGCG、杨梅苷、异槲皮苷、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷与各个靶点的对接评分较高,其中与NO-1靶点的LibDock Score最高。EGC、EGCG、杨梅苷、异槲皮苷、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷与NO-1的对接结果见图6。活性成分与靶点蛋白NO-1的氨基酸残基主要通过氢键、Pi-Alkyl键、pi-pi Stacked结合。综上,12种化合物均能与GSTP1、ROS-1、TNF、HO-1和NO-1蛋白相结合,从而发挥抗氧化作用,具有良好的自由基清除能力。

    表  7  12种化合物的LibDock评分
    Table  7.  LibDock Score of 12 compounds
    化合物GSTP1ROS-1TNFHO-1NO-1
    没食子酸69.777662.293867.180667.789775.4297
    原儿茶酸56.438657.090363.754270.169273.359
    色氨酸83.544769.348581.026386.967590.2187
    没食子酸甲酯72.595861.953570.655970.912680.2272
    EGC100.26292.4051109.624106.326115.547
    咖啡酸58.18444.060551.609154.823360.413
    EGCG142.132117.058131.735131.702145.839
    鸢尾酚酮80.101964.798180.935274.91185.2199
    杨梅苷116.557106.696119.567109.226123.865
    异槲皮苷118.205104.135125.782113.899127.767
    迷迭香酸129.061109.115118.374115.742133.845
    槲皮苷105.96696.5478121.308114.845121.889
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    图  6  不同化合物与NO-1的分子对接2D图
    注:A:EGC;B:EGCG;C:杨梅苷;D:异槲皮苷;E:迷迭香酸;F:槲皮苷。
    Figure  6.  2D diagram of molecular docking between different compounds and NO-1

    综上,本研究成功建立了景天三七HPLC-ECD指纹图谱,结合多种化学计量方法对不同产地的景天三七进行质量评价及抗氧化作用的谱效关系研究。其中,没食子酸、EGCG、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷等具有良好的体外抗氧化活性。分子对接研究结果表明,EGCG、杨梅苷、异槲皮苷、迷迭香酸和槲皮苷等化合物具有良好的自由基清除活性,且能与GSTP1、ROS-1、TNF、HO-1和NO-1蛋白相结合。综上,本研究可为景天三七抗氧化活性质量标志物的筛选和质量控制提供了一定的参考依据。

  • 图  1   23批景天三七HPLC-ECD指纹图谱

    Figure  1.   HPLC-ECD fingerprint of 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L.

    图  2   23批景天三七样品指纹图谱的共有模式图

    Figure  2.   Common pattern of the fingerprint of 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L.

    图  3   混合对照品溶液色谱图

    注:2-没食子酸;4-原儿茶酸;6-色氨酸;7-没食子酸甲酯;8-EGC; 9-咖啡酸;11-EGCG;12-鸢尾酚酮;13-杨梅苷;14-异槲皮苷;15-迷迭香酸;17-槲皮苷。

    Figure  3.   Chromatogram of standard solution

    图  4   23批景天三七的聚类树状图

    Figure  4.   Cluster dendrogram of 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L.

    图  5   景天三七12种化合物与抗氧化活性的PLSR模型回归系数(A)及VIP值(B)

    Figure  5.   PLSR model regression coefficients (A) and VIP values (B) of the 12 compounds in Sedum aizoon L. and antioxidant activity

    图  6   不同化合物与NO-1的分子对接2D图

    注:A:EGC;B:EGCG;C:杨梅苷;D:异槲皮苷;E:迷迭香酸;F:槲皮苷。

    Figure  6.   2D diagram of molecular docking between different compounds and NO-1

    表  1   景天三七样品信息

    Table  1   Information of Sedum aizoon L. samples

    样品编号产地收集时间 样品编号产地收集时间 样品编号产地收集时间
    S1贵州黔东南2021.07 S9河北廊坊2021.07 S17江苏宿迁2021.08
    S2重庆丰都2021.07S10河北定州2021.07S18江苏宿迁2021.08
    S3云南昆明2021.07S11安徽芜湖2021.07S19河北石家庄2021.08
    S4湖南永州2021.07S12山东曹县2021.08S20江苏宿迁2021.08
    S5河南商丘2021.07S13山东曹县2021.08S21山东临沂2021.08
    S6河南周口2021.07S14江苏沐阳2021.08S22江苏宿迁2021.08
    S7河南南阳2021.07S15江苏宿迁2021.08S23江苏苏州2021.08
    S8河北南宫2021.07S16江苏宿迁2021.08
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   23批景天三七的相似度结果

    Table  2   Similarity evaluation of 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L.

    样品编号相似度 样品编号相似度 样品编号相似度
    S10.997 S90.995 S170.999
    S20.938S101.000S180.999
    S30.852S110.989S190.883
    S40.992S120.991S200.988
    S50.997S130.991S210.996
    S60.997S140.967S220.999
    S70.999S150.999S230.997
    S80.999S160.994
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   方法学考察

    Table  3   Method validation of the proposed method

    化合物线性范围(μg/mL)线性方程r平均加样回收率(%)RSD (%)
    没食子酸1.5~75Y=1.0556X−0.21310.999997.763.92
    原儿茶酸0.1~10Y=0.5784X+0.01430.999493.086.35
    色氨酸2.5~50Y=0.6446X+0.50040.999598.714.85
    没食子酸甲酯0.2~10Y=0.8211+0.07890.999397.213.16
    EGC0.5~25Y=0.185X−0.03640.999399.356.34
    咖啡酸0.1~5Y=0.46X−0.01850.999694.193.60
    EGCG0.3~150Y=0.0649+0.02990.999697.632.01
    杨梅苷3.8~95Y=0.0314X+0.03550.999098.615.95
    异槲皮苷2.5~50Y=0.015X-0.00550.999796.075.56
    迷迭香酸0.01~5Y=0.0558X+0.0010.999494.742.14
    鸢尾酚酮2.5~50Y=0.0513X+0.04250.999296.965.72
    槲皮苷0.8~40Y=0.0142X+0.00960.999697.144.83
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   23批景天三七中12种化合物含量测定结果(μg/g)

    Table  4   Contents of 12 compounds in 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L. (μg/g)

    编号没食子酸原儿茶酸色氨酸没食子酸甲酯EGC咖啡酸EGCG鸢尾酚酮杨梅苷异槲皮苷迷迭香酸槲皮苷
    S11010.1523.89624.25155.76222.6827.4347.85785.111006.99186.9315.93132.95
    S2537.0842.00757.70131.55185.369.8025.97551.301878.03307.1616.38244.93
    S3207.523.02442.7710.0849.395.86125.68169.84433.397.690.9961.67
    S4783.2223.41684.6950.06178.0420.29579.07292.501805.69476.8030.10302.78
    S51037.808.08503.9347.87191.149.92734.59555.041296.53174.3131.01268.53
    S61577.0723.17746.70168.46496.1721.081716.99772.361864.05483.1228.79360.56
    S72261.7839.791033.6893.35399.9525.901114.10546.832675.31310.1828.70411.50
    S81142.7732.91659.16125.46147.0919.101442.95469.601448.08319.5235.43354.28
    S91264.3020.93685.20276.02321.4311.581023.02657.101266.34262.1521.98253.19
    S101542.0718.76906.4753.52347.8212.711215.22608.821151.66203.1321.39222.36
    S111804.0242.47620.5577.11416.5812.93879.94421.102597.91510.2917.29362.86
    S122319.4534.19853.57110.32482.8818.102476.61870.112155.40449.0842.79418.57
    S131919.3427.22710.4275.57353.8818.412145.62593.871675.01403.2426.90344.03
    S14721.132.72849.7810.98111.4026.28215.42317.49682.0083.726.3676.77
    S151042.8414.72672.4193.00241.5017.83985.61248.691175.77188.5814.85189.54
    S16883.689.23374.0654.15295.5815.03404.60414.941386.69208.628.89181.51
    S17748.4114.90338.2827.54180.8016.31232.48278.291270.59188.5815.25148.21
    S18962.6115.79700.4837.71229.4316.58840.06350.461195.62200.9321.57138.44
    S19611.5416.051136.17219.95119.0618.60444.49543.611402.90284.9319.18198.20
    S20863.8218.06806.4839.24152.5122.98628.86637.251080.54213.0117.47103.47
    S21908.6917.56428.6213.50119.7210.89703.94360.432357.61759.549.75355.08
    S22850.2518.71596.9176.56218.8513.78832.63390.472149.33293.9926.81294.76
    S231716.1240.33853.13195.65215.2822.81937.23461.102650.80375.7914.13274.33
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   23批景天三七抗氧化能力测定结果

    Table  5   Results of antioxidant activity in 23 batches of Sedum aizoon L.

    编号DPPH(mg TE/g DW)FRAP(mg TE/g DW)ABTS(mg TE/g DW) 编号DPPH(mg TE/g DW)FRAP(mg TE/g DW)ABTS(mg TE/g DW)
    S154.4355.25134.64 S1383.9895.80210.81
    S250.0152.18137.26S1417.0619.1954.79
    S35.878.5425.57S1563.9562.44138.75
    S469.4972.14162.88S1640.4639.3077.96
    S558.6457.37124.67S1738.1037.8785.83
    S679.0385.35189.91S1837.2536.4795.19
    S782.0592.97206.96S1950.9255.85116.79
    S883.9085.50192.53S2048.3450.38117.76
    S983.4586.05178.45S2164.3166.18149.15
    S1065.8472.37170.67S2254.2867.99134.20
    S1167.6290.41190.96S2372.6185.73182.83
    S12100.92122.12274.66
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   12种化合物与抗氧化活性的灰色关联结果

    Table  6   Results of gray correlation between 12 compounds and antioxidant activity

    化合物ABTS排名DPPH排名FRAP排名平均关联度平均排名
    没食子酸0.816810.764630.818510.80001
    原儿茶酸0.771460.719270.754760.74846
    色氨酸0.6916100.6414110.6720100.668311
    没食子酸甲酯0.6622120.6277120.6563120.648712
    EGC0.778140.727650.769740.75854
    咖啡酸0.6640110.6750100.6710110.670010
    EGCG0.747270.676590.734580.71949
    鸢尾酚酮0.733690.734640.733490.73398
    杨梅苷0.736980.720160.745070.73407
    异槲皮苷0.777350.701080.767650.74865
    迷迭香酸0.798120.780220.802530.79363
    槲皮苷0.792630.801510.805220.79982
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7   12种化合物的LibDock评分

    Table  7   LibDock Score of 12 compounds

    化合物GSTP1ROS-1TNFHO-1NO-1
    没食子酸69.777662.293867.180667.789775.4297
    原儿茶酸56.438657.090363.754270.169273.359
    色氨酸83.544769.348581.026386.967590.2187
    没食子酸甲酯72.595861.953570.655970.912680.2272
    EGC100.26292.4051109.624106.326115.547
    咖啡酸58.18444.060551.609154.823360.413
    EGCG142.132117.058131.735131.702145.839
    鸢尾酚酮80.101964.798180.935274.91185.2199
    杨梅苷116.557106.696119.567109.226123.865
    异槲皮苷118.205104.135125.782113.899127.767
    迷迭香酸129.061109.115118.374115.742133.845
    槲皮苷105.96696.5478121.308114.845121.889
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-10-17
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-06-13
  • 刊出日期:  2023-08-14

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