Abstract: Gliadins, as prolamins extracted from wheat, have become potential promising carriers of multitudinous functional components due to their excellent biocompatibility, hydrophobicity, micropolarity, tackiness and ability to modify and enhance the release of functional components. This paper reviews the structure of gliadin, the preparation methods of gliadin-based carriers (antisolvent precipitation methods, pH-cycle methods, solvent evaporation methods, electrospraying methods, non-electrostatic complexation methods) and their applications in the delivery of a wide range of functional components (antioxidants, enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics), further more compares the corresponding advantages and disadvantages of each, in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the preparation, expansion and development of gliadin delivery systems under different application requirements, as well as the applications of gliadin delivery systems in food, medicine, biological skeleton, etc.