Abstract: The residue of veterinary medicine and brown meat essence in meat and meat products is an important factor that affects food safety. Therefore, there is of great significance to review the harmful residues in meat and meat products and develop rapid and accurate detection technologies, which will favor control of these harmful residues and guarantee the safety of meat. This review summarizes antibacterial drugs and leanness-enhancing agents that are commonly used in animal husbandry and analyzed the application range, advantages, and disadvantages, key influencing factors of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and immunoassay in the detection of antibiotics and leanness-enhancing agents. This review is anticipated to provide guidance for the safety control and veterinary medicine and leanness-enhancing agents residues detection of meat and meat products.