Abstract: In recent years, allergic reactions caused by eating nuts have been reported frequently, which has become an important food safety problem that affects and threatens human health. This paper introduces the properties and hazards of common allergens in nuts, lists the main technologies, characteristics and applications used in nut allergen detection at home and abroad, compares and analyzes the desensitization effects, advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods on allergens in nuts, and points out the shortcomings and future development prospects of allergen detection and desensitization technology in nuts, in order to provide a theoretical basis for nut processing and consumption, and promote the development of the nut industry.