Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Rosa roxburghii fruit wine on glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetic rats and its possible mechanisms. The model of type 2 diabetic mice was established by high fat and high sugar diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). The rats were divided into high (8 mL/kg), medium (4 mL/kg), low (2 mL/kg) dose groups and model group, blank group. Fasting blood glucose was measured every two weeks for 28 d. After the experiment, the contents of High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fructosamine (FMN), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and hepatic glycogen were measured in serum and liver. The relative mRNA expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPK), Acetyl-CoA carboxylases alpha (ACACA), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), Glucose Transporter 2 (GLUT2) and Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in liver were measured by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that compared with the model group, Rosa roxburghii fruit wine alleviated the symptoms of weight loss, polydipsia and polyphagia in type 2 diabetic rats. High and medium dose Rosa roxburghii fruit wine significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and fructosamine content in experimental rats (P<0.05). The contents of TC, TG and LDL-C in plasma and liver were decreased and the content of HDL-C was increased in each dose group. Among them, the high and medium dose showed significant effects (P<0.05). Each dose group significantly increased the relative expression of AMPK, GLUT2 and ACACA mRNA (P<0.05). High, medium and low dose increased the relative expression of FASN mRNA, and the high and medium dose had significant effects (P<0.05). High and medium dose also significantly decreased the relative expression of G6Pase, PEPCK, HMG-COA and CYP7A1 mRNA (P<0.05). Conclusion: The mechanisms of Rosa roxburghii fruit wine to improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetic rats may be related to the inhibition of endogenous cholesterol, the increase of lipid de novo synthesis and the increase of glucose transmembrane rotational speed.