• EI
  • Scopus
  • 中国科技期刊卓越行动计划项目资助期刊
  • 北大核心期刊
  • DOAJ
  • EBSCO
  • 中国核心学术期刊RCCSE A+
  • 中国精品科技期刊
  • JST China
  • FSTA
  • 中国农林核心期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊CSTPCD
  • CA
  • WJCI
  • 食品科学与工程领域高质量科技期刊分级目录第一方阵T1
中国精品科技期刊2020

消费者Check-all-that-apply和喜好度测试在植物近水饮料感官评定中的应用研究

陈玥璋, 曾鸣, 丑建栋, 曾辉, 朱保庆, 刘若瑾, 宋昊

陈玥璋,曾鸣,丑建栋,等. 消费者Check-all-that-apply和喜好度测试在植物近水饮料感官评定中的应用研究[J]. 食品工业科技,2022,43(14):59−68. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021100114.
引用本文: 陈玥璋,曾鸣,丑建栋,等. 消费者Check-all-that-apply和喜好度测试在植物近水饮料感官评定中的应用研究[J]. 食品工业科技,2022,43(14):59−68. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021100114.
CHEN Yuezhang, ZENG Ming, CHOU Jiandong, et al. Research on the Application of the Consumer Check-all-that-apply and Hedonic Test in the Sensory Profiling of Herbal Near-water Beverages[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(14): 59−68. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021100114.
Citation: CHEN Yuezhang, ZENG Ming, CHOU Jiandong, et al. Research on the Application of the Consumer Check-all-that-apply and Hedonic Test in the Sensory Profiling of Herbal Near-water Beverages[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(14): 59−68. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021100114.

消费者Check-all-that-apply和喜好度测试在植物近水饮料感官评定中的应用研究

详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈玥璋(1994−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:yuezhang2222@163.com

    通讯作者:

    宋昊(1979−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品与微生物发酵,E-mail:songhao@bitri.cn

  • 中图分类号: TS275

Research on the Application of the Consumer Check-all-that-apply and Hedonic Test in the Sensory Profiling of Herbal Near-water Beverages

  • 摘要: 本研究采用check-all-that-apply(CATA)法与喜好9点标度法相结合的消费者快速感官评价方法,对马尾松、淡竹叶、桑叶、菊花、桂花、薄荷、紫苏、桦树汁露8种草本植物近水饮料的感官特征进行分析。消费者在19个口感和24个气味属性描述词中勾选,对8款近水饮料样品进行感官和喜好度评定。喜好度分析结果表明,消费者对8款植物近水饮料的喜好度存在差异,消费者对薄荷露和桂花露整体喜好度较高,两者差异不显著(P<0.05)。Cochran’s Q test分析结果表明,样品在41个感官属性中均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。对应分析(Correspondence Analysis,CA)结果说明了8种植物近水饮料之间感官特征的差异,薄荷露感官特征突出,具有清凉、薄荷的特征属性;桂花露感官属性主要表现为桂花香、桃香、甜香;菊花露、紫苏露、桑叶露具有相似的绿茶、甘草、菊花等感官属性;马尾松与淡竹叶露感官特征相似;桦树汁露感官特征不明显。结合消费者李克特量表数据进行惩罚分析(Penalty Analysis,PA),本研究发现注重健康人群并未对产品中草药气味表现出显著的不接受;有饮水添加助饮物习惯的人群更偏好甜香、清凉、金银花的感官特征。因此,消费者快速感官评价CATA法能够有效测试产品的感官属性和消费者偏好,并在新产品开发和市场调研方向展现出广阔的应用前景。
    Abstract: The sensory characteristics of 8 herbal near-water beverages were studied, which were separately from Pinus massoniana, Lophatherum gracile, mulberry leaf, chrysanthemum, Osmanthus fragrans, Mentha haplocalyx leaf, Perilla frutescens leaf, and birch sap. The rapid sensory profiling methods involving check-all-that-apply (CATA) test and the 9-point hedonic test were used. The 19 taste and 24 odor attributes were checked by consumers to evaluate the sensory and preference of 8 herbal near-water beverages. The results of hedonic analysis showed that consumers’ preferences had differences between 8 herbal near-water beverages. Mentha haplocalyx leaf and Osmanthus fragrans samples presented higher overall preferences while they did not show significant differences (P<0.05). Cochran’s Q test analysis indicated that 8 samples had significant differences in the 41 sensory attributes (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Correspondence Analysis (CA) demonstrated the sensory differences between the 8 herbal near-water beverages. The sensory characteristics of Mentha haplocalyx leaf sample showed cool and mint properties. Osmanthus fragrans sample showed the odors of Osmanthus, peach, and sweet. Chrysanthemum, Perilla frutescens leaf and mulberry leaf samples all illustrated similar green tea, Glycyrrhiza and chrysanthemum attributes. Sensory characteristics of Pinus massoniana and Lophatherum gracile samples were similar and clear, while the sensory profile of birch sap sample was indistinct. Combined with the Penalty Analysis and the results from consumer Likert’s rating-scale questionnaires, this study showed that health-conscious consumers did not significantly dislike the odor of Chinese herbal medicines. Moreover, it was found that consumers who have the habit of adding herbs into water preferred sweet, refreshing and honeysuckle sensory attributes. Consequently, the consumer rapid sensory profiling method-check-all-that-apply (CATA) test could availably reveal the sensory profile and consumers’ preferences of products, which would show broad application prospects in both directions of new product development and market research.
  • 早在20世纪,日本就开始发展并流行一类介于饮用水、功能饮料之间的产品“近水饮料”,它具有透明似水、口味清淡、低卡路里、添加功能成分或天然香味的特点[1]。随着中国消费者健康意识的不断提高,食品饮料领域低糖、低脂的健康饮食观念已逐渐深入人心,天然、健康的无糖饮料也越来越受到消费者关注。在中国,草本植物饮料具有悠久的传统文化特色和饮用习惯,而且“药食同源”草本的健康功能已在消费市场形成认知。草本植物饮料由于满足了消费者对低糖与功能性的双重需求,一跃成为饮品行业发展的关键[2]

    目前,关于草本植物功能性的研究已有很多。例如刘文朵等[3]的研究发现马尾松针水提物对黄色葡萄球菌等8种食品腐败细菌均有一定的抑制作用。淡竹叶具有抑菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、降血脂、保肝等功效[4]。桑叶水提物具有防治糖尿病、高血脂症等功效[5-6]。而菊花在中医上具有解表之效,更有研究表明,菊花具有延缓衰老、抗氧化、降低血脂、加强毛细血管的抵抗力、抑制肿瘤、增强人体免疫力等多种药理活性[7]。紫苏中医药理上具有止咳平喘、解表散寒的功效[8]。因此本文将这些草本植物研发成为“近水饮料”,并应用快速感官评价的方法指导以市场为导向的草本植物近水饮料研发。

    快速感官评价方法是近年来发展起来的一类针对未经训练消费者的描述性感官评价方法,Check-all-that-apply(CATA)法结合喜好标度法便是其中之一[9]。多年来,针对食品饮料的感官评价工作较为依赖有专业训练的感官小组来对产品进行特征描述分析。然而,这种比较耗费时间和精力的传统感官分析方法对于快速增长的市场需求的适应性越来越差,随着这种演变,消费者快速感官评价方法应运而生[10]。本研究采用的CATA法是一种不需要品评者有太强感官认知努力的一种快速感官评价方法,它只需要品评者在问卷中勾选可以描述样品属性的词汇即可[11]。越来越多的证据表明采用专业感官小组的传统感官描述性分析方法例如定量描述性分析法与消费者快速感官评价方法例如CATA法得出的结果相似、有效且具备良好的消费者适应性[12-14]。近五年国内外针对CATA方法的研究已广泛应用于茶叶[13,15]、酸奶[14,16]、奶酪[17-18]、黄酒[19]、葡萄酒[20]、咖啡[21-24]、鱼类[12,25]、肉制品[26]、炖菜[27]、橄榄油[28]、果蔬汁[29-30]等加工食品及其市场研究领域。

    然而,CATA法在草本饮料领域的研究较少,仅有P. Monteiro等学者采用CATA法对西方传统木槿花茶的感官描述词典建设进行了研究[31],而SONG和XIA等学者在对于消费者消费频率和答题习惯对CATA法的影响研究中,选用了菊花茶作为感官评价的对象[22-23]

    基于目前对于草本植物近水饮料的产品研发和消费者快速感官评价分析的研究较少,为满足市场需求及填补科研领域空白,本研究对马尾松、淡竹叶、桑叶、菊花、桂花、薄荷叶、紫苏叶、桦树汁8种草本植物进行减压蒸馏提取,以植物萃取液为原料制备成近水饮料,使用消费者测试的快速感官评价方法——CATA法与喜好标度法相结合对草本植物近水饮料进行感官品质对比分析,为草本植物近水饮料的发展以及消费者快速感官评价方法的应用提供参考依据。

    干制马尾松、淡竹叶、桑叶、菊花、桂花、薄荷叶、紫苏叶以及桦树汁 购于徐州茶亦醉人农业发展有限公司。

    DC-NSG-20多功能提取浓缩机组 上海达程实验设备有限公司。

    根据曾鸣等[32]对金银花露蒸馏液研究中的制备工艺,7种干制草本植物经低温减压蒸馏工艺分别制成植物提取蒸馏液,该7种蒸馏液及桦树汁分别经调配后制成8款草本植物风味近水饮料,用于消费者快速感官CATA及喜好度测试。

    本研究一共募集了96位消费者参与测试,男性30人,女性66人,年龄在19~36岁,且主要集中在20~30岁。其中82人参与消费者问卷调查。他们的职业包括学生、教师和科研人员。此外,本研究招募了6位专业品评员,其中男性3名,女性3名,年龄在22~36岁之间,具备专业的感官品评相关知识。

    由6位专业品评员组成的评价小组,在北京林业大学感官评价实验室中对8款植物近水饮料进行独立的感官评价实验,参考ISO11035:1994[33]中对感官描述词的确认和选择方法,整体考虑8款植物近水饮料的风味特性,并顾及消费者对描述词的理解性,给出描述产品气味和口感的两类描述词。随后评价小组进行讨论,整理并删减描述词,最终形成了19个口感属性描述词和24个气味属性描述词,形成的CATA评价表见表1

    表  1  CATA评价表
    Table  1.  CATA test form
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    8种饮料样品名称使用三位随机编码代表,并以随机顺序呈送给每位消费者。消费者对8款样品进行独立评价,通过嗅闻和品尝,对样品进行气味、口感和整体的喜好度测试,测试采用9点喜好标度法(1表示非常不喜欢,9表示非常喜欢);同时,如表1所示,消费者勾选他们认为所有适合描述产品气味和口感属性的描述词。为了避免感官描述词顺序的影响,CATA评价表中描述词排列遵循拉丁方设计[34]。在每个样品之间,消费者可以通过纯净水或苏打饼干缓解感官疲劳,休息3分钟确定余味消失后,再继续下一样品的测试。

    本问卷调查采用李克特九级量表采集消费者的饮食健康意识和饮水习惯情况信息,从而分析不同类型消费者对草本植物近水饮料感官特征偏好的差异。李克特量表是一种态度反应量表,1932年被美国社会心理学家李克特首先提出[35],被广泛应用于调查研究中[36]。消费者通过对量表中陈述问题的回答,反应其对调查主题的态度及意向,研究者通过对不同级别认同程度赋值对结果进行量化和分析。本问卷所设计的陈述性题目从“注重健康情况”和“饮水添加习惯”两主题对消费人群进行调查,具体的“李克特九级量表”题目如表2所示,1~8题为消费者注重健康情况调查,9~12题为消费者饮水添加习惯情况调查。

    表  2  李克特九级量表问卷
    Table  2.  Likert’s 9-rating-scale questionnaire
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    使用SPSS进行ANOVA数据分析;使用XLSTAT-2019(Addinsoft,美国)分析软件对CATA词频和喜好度数据进行分析。

    图1图2图3所示,喜好度分析结果表明,消费者对8款草本植物近水饮料整体喜好度存在差异,整体喜好度得分由高到低依次是薄荷露、桂花露、菊花露、桑叶露、紫苏露、淡竹叶露、马尾松露、桦树汁露,消费者对薄荷露和桂花露的整体喜好度较高,两者差异不显著(P>0.05),口感喜好度得分由高到低排序与整体喜好度排序一致。但气味喜好度得分由高到低依次是桂花露、薄荷露、菊花露、桑叶露、紫苏露、马尾松露、淡竹叶露、桦树汁露,消费者对桂花露的气味喜好度评分最高且与其他草本植物近水饮料的喜好度有显著性差异(P<0.05)。

    图  1  草本植物近水饮料消费者气味喜好度差异
    Figure  1.  Consumers’ odor hedonic differences between the herbal near-water beverages
    图  2  草本植物近水饮料消费者口感喜好度差异
    Figure  2.  Consumers’ taste hedonic differences between the herbal near-water beverages
    图  3  草本植物近水饮料消费者整体喜好度差异
    Figure  3.  Consumers’ global hedonic differences between the herbal near-water beverages

    图4显示了43个感官属性描述词的使用频次百分比,其中描述口感的“甘甜”、“清凉”,描述气味的“中草药”、“甜香”为参与测试消费者勾选最多的描述词,而口感描述词“辣”、“酒味”、“麻”、“酸”和气味描述词“螺旋藻”则是勾选频率最低的。据此,“甘甜”、“清凉”、“中草药”、“甜香”是消费者认为草本植物近水饮料中具有普遍性的风味特征属性。

    图  4  CATA测试中草本植物近水饮料各感官属性描述词的出现频率
    注:S代表气味;T代表口感。
    Figure  4.  Frequency of each attribute of herbal near-water beverages in CATA test

    分别分析8款植物近水饮料消费者勾选频次最高的词汇,在桂花露中是“桃”气味,在薄荷露中是“薄荷”口感,在马尾松露中是“中草药”气味,在淡竹叶露、桦树汁和桑叶露中是“甘甜”口感,在菊花露中“菊花”口感,在紫苏露中是“清凉”口感。

    通过对8款植物近水饮料的43个感官风味属性进行Cochran’s Q test(表3),其结果显示产品在18个口感属性(酸、咸、苦、涩、麻、辣、甘甜、红茶、清凉、菊花、金银花、薄荷、青草、树叶、松针、茴香、绿茶、酒味)和23个气味属性(树叶、竹叶、荷叶、青草、甘草、松针、螺旋藻、凉茶、薄荷、茴香、紫苏、桃、菊花、桂花、金银花、绿茶、枸杞、中草药、焦糖、木头、霉味、泥土、甜香)中存在显著性差异(P<0.05),仅在凉茶口感和红茶气味的感官属性上没有显著差异,即96位消费者能够显著区分8款植物近水饮料中多数感官属性上的差异。

    表  3  43个感官风味属性Cochran’s Q检验中的P
    Table  3.  P-values of the 43 sensory attributes in Cochran's Q test
    气味属性(n=24)P口感属性(n=19)P
    树叶0.000.00
    竹叶0.000.00
    荷叶0.020.00
    青草0.000.00
    甘草0.000.00
    松针0.000.00
    螺旋藻0.00甘甜0.00
    凉茶0.00红茶0.00
    薄荷0.00清凉0.00
    茴香0.00菊花0.00
    紫苏0.00金银花0.00
    0.00薄荷0.00
    菊花0.00青草0.00
    桂花0.00树叶0.00
    金银花0.00松针0.00
    绿茶0.00茴香0.00
    枸杞0.00绿茶0.00
    中草药0.00凉茶0.09
    红茶0.14酒味0.00
    焦糖0.00
    木头0.00
    霉味0.00
    泥土0.00
    甜香0.00
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    将8个近水饮料样品的所有属性频次(即属性强度)进行对应分析(CA),分析样品与属性之间的关系,如图5所示,样品附近的描述词可以体现样品的感官特征[27]。两个成分解释方差达到66.14%,其中第一主成分解释总变异的33.93%,第二主成分解释总变异的32.21%。根据图中样品和描述词的分布情况,薄荷露在第一象限,具有清凉、辣、薄荷的口感属性和薄荷的香气属性;桂花露在第二象限,具有桃、桂花、甜香的气味属性;其余样品主要集中于第三象限,可分为三类,桦树汁自成一类,主要具有苦、涩的口感缺陷,桑叶、菊花、紫苏为一类,具有菊花、紫苏、金银花、绿茶的感官特征,淡竹叶、马尾松为一类,具有树叶、松针、竹叶、泥土的感官特征。

    图  5  对应分析中样品与感官属性对称关联图
    注:S代表气味;T代表口感;图6~图7图9同。
    Figure  5.  Symmetric plot of products and attributes in correspondence analysis

    惩罚分析是通过处理样品属性与总体偏好之间的关系,确定每个感官属性对于总体偏好的影响程度,是用来衡量属性重要程度的标志[37],常应用于CATA数据的分析[38]

    图6所示,纵坐标反映的是描述词对于样品喜好度的平均影响度,描述词落在纵坐标正值表示其对样品喜好度有正向影响,负值则表示对喜好度有负向影响;横坐标反映的是描述词在所有样品中出现的频率,即强度。由此,口感属性甘甜、清凉、金银花、薄荷、绿茶、红茶等以及气味描述词甜香、桂花、桃、菊花、薄荷等是消费者喜欢的样品属性,而中草药、树叶、青草、泥土等气味和苦、涩、酒等口感则是消费者不喜欢的样品属性。从平均影响度和属性强度两个维度考虑,如图7所示,结果表明甘甜、清凉、金银花口感和甜香、中草药气味对样品喜好度产生显著影响(P<0.05),其中甘甜、清凉、金银花口感属性和甜香气味会对消费者偏好产生正向影响,而中草药气味则会产生负向影响。

    图  6  草本植物近水饮料感官属性对于喜好度的平均影响
    Figure  6.  Mean impact of attributes of herbal near-water beverages on preference
    图  7  草本植物近水饮料中对喜好度有显著影响的感官属性
    Figure  7.  Mean impact of significant attributes of herbal near-water beverages on preference

    对喜好度数据进行合成聚类(Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering,AHC)分析,消费者依据其喜好度评价可分为9组,见图8。对样品属性频次进行主成分分析,第一主成分解释了35.09%的变异,第二主成分解释了23.35%的变异,再将AHC中分类距离数据与PCA中在两个主成分上的得分图合并,可以得出图9所示草本植物近水饮料偏好地图。在偏好地图中,可以直观的发现薄荷露、桂花露更受消费者喜爱,而马尾松、淡竹叶、桦树汁露不被消费者喜爱;而分为9组的消费者C1人群明确喜爱桦树汁露,C3人群偏好方向为菊花、紫苏露,C7人群偏爱桂花露,其余组别消费者都比较喜爱薄荷露,且喜爱“清凉”、“薄荷”的感官属性。

    图  8  草本植物近水饮料喜好度的聚合层次聚类系统树图
    Figure  8.  Dendrogram of AHC of herbal near-water beverages on preference
    图  9  草本植物近水饮料偏好地图
    Figure  9.  Preference mapping of herbal near-water beverages

    根据消费者李克特量表问卷调查的情况,将消费者分为三类:注重健康人群、中等注重健康人群、不注重健康人群。如图10所示,对比三类消费人群对植物近水饮料不同气味属性的偏好发现,虽然中草药气味对三类人群的喜好度都有负面影响,但是对注重健康人群的喜好度并没有形成显著影响(P<0.05),即注重健康人群消费者对中草药气味并没有特别介意。三类人群均喜好具有甜香气味的产品;中等注重健康人群不喜欢甘草气味、中草药气味的产品;不注重健康人群不喜欢中草药气味的产品。

    图  10  不同健康意识人群气味偏好惩罚分析
    Figure  10.  Penalty analysis of the different health-conscious consumers’ odor preference

    图11所示,对比三类消费人群对植物近水饮料不同口感属性的偏好发现,三类人群均喜好具有甘甜口感、清凉口感的产品;注重健康人群不喜欢具有苦、涩口感的产品;中等注重健康人群与其他两个人群相比,更显著地喜好具有薄荷、菊花香气的产品;不注重健康人群不喜欢具有涩口感的植物近水饮料。

    图  11  不同健康意识人群口感偏好惩罚分析
    Figure  11.  Penalty analysis of the different health-conscious consumers’ taste preference

    根据消费者李克特量表问卷调查的情况,将消费者分为两类:喜好添加人群与不喜好添加人群。如图12图13所示,对比两类消费人群对植物近水饮料不同气味属性的偏好发现,喜好添加草本助饮人群更喜欢草本植物近水饮料中甜香的气味;对比两人群对于口感属性的偏好,喜好添加草本助饮人群除了与不喜好添加人群共同喜爱甘甜的口感外,还偏好草本植物近水饮料中的清凉、金银花口感属性。

    图  12  不同饮水添加习惯人群气味偏好惩罚分析
    Figure  12.  Penalty analysis of the different drinking-habit consumers’ odor preference
    图  13  不同饮水添加习惯人群口感偏好惩罚分析
    Figure  13.  Penalty analysis of the different drinking-habit consumers’ taste preference

    消费者对8款植物近水饮料的喜好度存在差异,薄荷露和桂花露消费者整体喜好度较高,两者不存在显著性差异(P<0.05);消费者不喜欢马尾松露、淡竹叶露和桦树汁露。消费者对不同草本植物近水饮料的感官认知存在差异,薄荷露感官特征突出,具有清凉口感;桂花露主要表现为桂花香、桃香、甜香;菊花露、紫苏露、桑叶露感官特征相似,主要表现为菊花、紫苏、金银花、绿茶的感官特征;马尾松、淡竹叶露感官特征相似,具有树叶、松针、竹叶、泥土的感官特征;桦树汁主要具有苦、涩的口感缺陷,且感官特征不明显。结合消费者偏好分析,草本植物近水饮料中甘甜、清凉、金银花的口感和甜香、中草药的气味对样品喜好度产生显著影响(P<0.05),说明产品开发方向应主要着力提升甘甜、清凉、金银花口感和甜香气味,规避中草药气味属性。结合消费者行为调查问卷分析,本研究发现注重健康人群并未对产品中草药气味表现出显著的不接受度;有饮水添加草本助饮习惯的人群更偏好甜香、清凉、金银花的感官特征。因此,CATA测试与喜好度测试相结合的快速感官评价方法可以应用于草本植物近水饮料的感官评价分析,并结合消费者信息指导产品感官改进方向。

  • 图  1   草本植物近水饮料消费者气味喜好度差异

    Figure  1.   Consumers’ odor hedonic differences between the herbal near-water beverages

    图  2   草本植物近水饮料消费者口感喜好度差异

    Figure  2.   Consumers’ taste hedonic differences between the herbal near-water beverages

    图  3   草本植物近水饮料消费者整体喜好度差异

    Figure  3.   Consumers’ global hedonic differences between the herbal near-water beverages

    图  4   CATA测试中草本植物近水饮料各感官属性描述词的出现频率

    注:S代表气味;T代表口感。

    Figure  4.   Frequency of each attribute of herbal near-water beverages in CATA test

    图  5   对应分析中样品与感官属性对称关联图

    注:S代表气味;T代表口感;图6~图7图9同。

    Figure  5.   Symmetric plot of products and attributes in correspondence analysis

    图  6   草本植物近水饮料感官属性对于喜好度的平均影响

    Figure  6.   Mean impact of attributes of herbal near-water beverages on preference

    图  7   草本植物近水饮料中对喜好度有显著影响的感官属性

    Figure  7.   Mean impact of significant attributes of herbal near-water beverages on preference

    图  8   草本植物近水饮料喜好度的聚合层次聚类系统树图

    Figure  8.   Dendrogram of AHC of herbal near-water beverages on preference

    图  9   草本植物近水饮料偏好地图

    Figure  9.   Preference mapping of herbal near-water beverages

    图  10   不同健康意识人群气味偏好惩罚分析

    Figure  10.   Penalty analysis of the different health-conscious consumers’ odor preference

    图  11   不同健康意识人群口感偏好惩罚分析

    Figure  11.   Penalty analysis of the different health-conscious consumers’ taste preference

    图  12   不同饮水添加习惯人群气味偏好惩罚分析

    Figure  12.   Penalty analysis of the different drinking-habit consumers’ odor preference

    图  13   不同饮水添加习惯人群口感偏好惩罚分析

    Figure  13.   Penalty analysis of the different drinking-habit consumers’ taste preference

    表  1   CATA评价表

    Table  1   CATA test form

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   李克特九级量表问卷

    Table  2   Likert’s 9-rating-scale questionnaire

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   43个感官风味属性Cochran’s Q检验中的P

    Table  3   P-values of the 43 sensory attributes in Cochran's Q test

    气味属性(n=24)P口感属性(n=19)P
    树叶0.000.00
    竹叶0.000.00
    荷叶0.020.00
    青草0.000.00
    甘草0.000.00
    松针0.000.00
    螺旋藻0.00甘甜0.00
    凉茶0.00红茶0.00
    薄荷0.00清凉0.00
    茴香0.00菊花0.00
    紫苏0.00金银花0.00
    0.00薄荷0.00
    菊花0.00青草0.00
    桂花0.00树叶0.00
    金银花0.00松针0.00
    绿茶0.00茴香0.00
    枸杞0.00绿茶0.00
    中草药0.00凉茶0.09
    红茶0.14酒味0.00
    焦糖0.00
    木头0.00
    霉味0.00
    泥土0.00
    甜香0.00
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1] 邓秀琼, 梁洁红, 程朝阳. 浅谈国内外瓶装水市场发展情况[J]. 食品与发酵工业,2001,27(4):70−74. [DENG X Q, LIANG J H, CHENG Z Y. A superficial view on the development of bottled water market at home and abroad[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries,2001,27(4):70−74. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-990X.2001.04.015

    DENG X Q, LIANG J H, CHENG Z Y. A superficial view on the development of bottled water market at home and abroad[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2001, 27(4): 70-74. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-990X.2001.04.015

    [2] 朱向东. 天然草本(植物)饮料新品研发与市场趋势的思考[J]. 中国食品添加剂,2012(5):192−202. [ZHU X D. R&D and trend of herbal (plant) beverage[J]. China Food Additives,2012(5):192−202. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2513.2012.05.025

    ZHU X D. R&D and trend of herbal (plant) beverage[J]. China Food Additives, 2012(5): 192-202. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2513.2012.05.025

    [3] 刘文朵, 于新, 刘丽, 等. 马尾松针乙醇/水提取物对食品腐败细菌的抑制活性[J]. 中国食品学报,2013,13(1):118−123. [LIU W D, YU X, LIU L, et al. Antimicrobial activities of ethanol and water extract from Pinus Massoniana needles[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2013,13(1):118−123.

    LIU W D, YU X, LIU L, et al. Antimicrobial activities of ethanol and water extract from Pinus Massoniana needles[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2013, 13(01): 118-123.

    [4] 陈烨. 淡竹叶化学成分与药理作用研究进展[J]. 亚太传统医药,2014,10(13):50−52. [CHEN Y. Review on research of the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Lophatherum Gracile Brongn[J]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine,2014,10(13):50−52.

    CHEN Y. Review on research of the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Lophatherum Gracile Brongn[J]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine, 2014, 10(13): 50-52.

    [5] 鱼晓敏, 安馨, 鲁慧, 等. 桑叶水提物与醇提物对糖尿病小鼠的协同降血糖效应[J]. 卫生研究,2018,47(3):432−436. [YU X M, AN X, LU H, et al. Hypoglycemic effects of mulberry leaf extracts on diabetic mice[J]. Journal of Hygiene Research,2018,47(3):432−436.

    YU X M, AN X, LU H, et al. Hypoglycemic effects of mulberry leaf extracts on diabetic mice[J]. Journal of Hygiene Research, 2018, 47(3): 432-436.

    [6] 邹莉芳, 王玲, 丁晓雯, 等. 桑叶水提物预防小鼠高脂血症的作用研究[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(8):3039−3045. [ZOU L F, WANG L, DING X W, et al. Effect study of mulberry leaf water extract prophylaxis of hyperlipemia in high-fat diet mice[J]. Journal of Food Safety and Quality,2016,7(8):3039−3045.

    ZOU L F, WANG L, DING X W, et al. Effect study of mulberry leaf water extract prophylaxis of hyperlipemia in high-fat diet mice[J]. Journal of Food Safety and Quality, 2016, 7(8): 3039-3045.

    [7] 田硕, 苗明三. 菊花的研究及应用现状[J]. 中医学报,2014,29(3):378−380. [TIAN S, MIAO M S. Research and application status of the Chrysanthemum[J]. China Journal of Chinese Medicine,2014,29(3):378−380.

    TIAN S, MIAO M S. Research and application status of the Chrysanthemum[J]. China Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2014, 29(3): 378-380.

    [8] 何育佩, 郝二伟, 谢金玲, 等. 紫苏药理作用及其化学物质基础研究进展[J]. 中草药,2018,49(16):3957−3968. [HE Y P, HAO E W, XIE J L, et al. Research process on pharmacological effect and substance basis of Perilla frutescens[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2018,49(16):3957−3968. doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2018.16.033

    HE Y P, HAO E W, XIE J L, et al. Research process on pharmacological effect and substance basis of Perilla frutescens[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2018, 49(16): 3957-3968. doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2018.16.033

    [9]

    VARELA P, ARES G. Sensory profiling, the blurred line between sensory and consumer science. A review of novel methods for product characterization[J]. Food Research International,2012,48(2):893−908. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.06.037

    [10]

    DELARUE J, LAWLOR B, ROGEAUX M. Rapid sensory profiling techniques. Applications in new product development and consumer research[M]. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, 2014.

    [11]

    ARES G, JAEGER S R. Rapid sensory profiling techniques. Check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions with consumers in practice: experimental considerations and impact on outcome[M]. UK: Woodhead Publishing, 2015: 227-245.

    [12]

    ALEXI N, NANOU E, LAZO O, et al. Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) with semi-trained assessors: Sensory profiles closer to descriptive analysis or consumer elicited data?[J]. Food Quality and Preference,2018,64:11−20. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.10.009

    [13] 李春霖. 基于化学计量学和近红外光谱技术的龙井茶感官及化学品质评价研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2019

    LI C L. Sensory and chemical quality evaluation of longjing tea using chemometrics and near-infrared spectroscopy technique[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2019.

    [14] 杨洋, 杨敏, 索化夷, 等. Check-all-that-apply和定量描述分析法对褐色酸奶感官性质的分析[J]. 食品与发酵工业,2020,18(46):209−214. [YANG Y, YANG M, SUO H Y, et al. Application of check-all-that-apply and quantitative descriptive analysis in sensory evaluation of brown yogurt[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries,2020,18(46):209−214.

    YANG Y, YANG M, SUO H Y, et al. Application of check-all-that-apply and quantitative descriptive analysis in sensory evaluation of brown yogurt[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2020, 18(46): 209-214.

    [15]

    LIOU B K, JAW Y M, CHUANG G C C, et al. Important sensory, association, and postprandial perception attributes influencing young Taiwanese consumers’ acceptance for Taiwanese specialty teas[J]. Foods,2020,9(1):100. doi: 10.3390/foods9010100

    [16]

    ESMERINO E A, TAVARES FILHO E R, CARR B T, et al. Consumer-based product characterization using Pivot Profile, Projective Mapping and Check-all-that-apply (CATA): A comparative case with Greek yogurt samples[J]. Food Research International,2017,99:375−384. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.001

    [17]

    BORD C, LENOIR L, SCHMIDT-FILGUERAS R, et al. Discrimination and sensory characterization of protected designation of origin salers-and cantal-type cheeses: An approach using descriptive analysis and consumer insights by check-all-that-apply questions[J]. Journal of Sensory Studies,2021:e12698.

    [18]

    OLIVEIRA E W, ESMERINO E A, CARR B T, et al. Reformulating Minas Frescal cheese using consumers' perceptions: Insights from intensity scales and check-all-that-apply questionnaires[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(8):6111−6124. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-12335

    [19] 王炎, 周志磊, 姬中伟, 等. 年轻消费者黄酒饮用温度偏好研究[J/OL]. 食品与发酵工业: 1−9[2021-08-27]

    WANG Y, ZHOU Z L, JI Z W, et al. Research on young consumers' preference of serving temperature when drinking Huangjiu[J/OL]. Food and Fermentation Industries: 1−9[2021-08-27].

    [20]

    MAHIEU B, VISALLI M, THOMAS A, et al. Free-comment outperformed check-all-that-apply in the sensory characterisation of wines with consumers at home[J]. Food Quality and Preference,2020,84:103937. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103937

    [21]

    ESPITIA-LÓPEZ J, ROGELIO-FLORES F, ANGEL-CUAPIO A, et al. Characterization of sensory profile by the CATA method of Mexican coffee brew considering two preparation methods: Espresso and French press[J]. International Journal of Food Properties,2019,22(1):967−973. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1619577

    [22]

    GIACALONE D, DEGN T K, YANG N, et al. Common roasting defects in coffee: Aroma composition, sensory characterization and consumer perception[J]. Food Quality and Preference,2019,71:463−474. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.03.009

    [23]

    XIA Y, SONG J, LEE P Y, et al. Impact of consumption frequency on generations of sensory product profiles using CATA questions: Case studies with two drink categories[J]. Food Research International,2020,137:109378. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109378

    [24]

    SONG J, XIA Y, ZHONG F. Consumers with high frequency of‘just about right’in JAR scales may use lower cognitive effort: Evidence from the concurrent 9-point hedonic scale and CATA question[J]. Food Research International,2021,143:110285. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110285

    [25]

    SILVA F, DUARTE A M, MENDES S, et al. CATA vs. FCP for a rapid descriptive analysis in sensory characterization of fish[J]. Journal of Sensory Studies,2020,35(6):e12605.

    [26]

    da CONCEIÇÃO JORGE É, MENDES A C G, AURIEMA B E, et al. Application of a check-all-that-apply question for evaluating and characterizing meat products[J]. Meat Science,2015,100:124−133. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.10.002

    [27]

    HISCOCK L, BOTHMA C, HUGO A, et al. Hedonic evaluation and check-all-that-apply (CATA) question for sensory characterisation of stewed vegetable Amaranthus[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2020,57(2):454−462. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-04073-1

    [28]

    PIOCHI M, CABRINO G, TORRI L. Check-all-that-apply (CATA) test to investigate the consumers’ perception of olive oil sensory properties: Effect of storage time and packaging material[J]. Foods,2021,10(7):1551. doi: 10.3390/foods10071551

    [29]

    JAEGER S R, BERESFORD M K, LO K R, et al. What does it mean to check-all-that-apply? Four case studies with beverages[J]. Food Quality and Preference,2020,80:103794. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103794

    [30]

    WAEHRENS S S, GRØNBECK M S, OLSEN K, et al. Impact of consumer associations, emotions, and appropriateness for use on food acceptability: A CATA and liking evaluation of vegetable and berry beverages[J]. Journal of Sensory Studies,2018,33(4):e12328. doi: 10.1111/joss.12328

    [31]

    P MONTEIRO M J, A COSTA A I, FRANCO M I, et al. Cross-cultural development of hibiscus tea sensory lexicons for trained and untrained panelists[J]. Journal of Sensory Studies,2017,32(5):e12297. doi: 10.1111/joss.12297

    [32] 曾鸣, 吴明辉, 刘传备, 等. 金银花露不同蒸馏段挥发性成分的测定分析[J]. 食品工业科技,2020,41(5):45−51. [ZENG M, WU M H, LIU C B, et al. Determination and analysis of volatile components in different distillation fractions of honeysuckle flower[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2020,41(5):45−51.

    ZENG M, WU M H, LIU C B, et al. Determination and analysis of volatile components in different distillation fractions of honeysuckle flower[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2020, 41(5): 45-51.

    [33]

    Technical Committee ISO/TC 34. ISO 11035: 1994 Sensory analysis-identification and selection of descriptors for establishing a sensory profile by a multidimensional approach [S].

    [34]

    ARES G, JAEGER S R. Check-all-that-apply questions: Influence of attribute order on sensory product characterization[J]. Food Quality and Preference,2013,28(1):141−153. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2012.08.016

    [35]

    LIKERT R. A technique for the measurement of attitudes[J]. Archives of Psychology, 1932(4).

    [36]

    SULLIVAN G M, ARTINO JR A R. Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales[J]. Journal of Graduate Medical Education,2013,5(4):541−542. doi: 10.4300/JGME-5-4-18

    [37]

    ARES G, DAUBER C, FERNÁNDEZ E, et al. Penalty analysis based on CATA questions to identify drivers of liking and directions for product reformulation[J]. Food Quality and Preference,2014,32:65−76. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2013.05.014

    [38]

    MEYNERS M, CASTURA J C, CARR B T. Existing and new approaches for the analysis of CATA data[J]. Food Quality and Preference,2013,30(2):309−319. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2013.06.010

  • 期刊类型引用(1)

    1. 陈佳妮,罗耀华,孔慧,丁可,葛帅,丁胜华. 热激处理对鲜切百合鳞茎片贮藏品质的影响. 食品科学. 2024(09): 163-172 . 百度学术

    其他类型引用(2)

图(13)  /  表(3)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  495
  • HTML全文浏览量:  161
  • PDF下载量:  67
  • 被引次数: 3
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-10-13
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-05-12
  • 刊出日期:  2022-07-14

目录

/

返回文章
返回
x 关闭 永久关闭