Abstract: Objective: To study the preventive effect and its mechanism of Rosa roxburghii wine on obesity process in high fat-induced mice. Method: 50 mice were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a low-dose (0.25 mL/80 g), a medium-dose (0.5 mL/80 g) and a high-dose Rosa roxburghii wine group (1 mL/80 g), each group of 10 mice, the experiment was carried out for 8 weeks. After the experiment, the viscera coefficient, serum and liver lipid metabolism-related physiological and biochemical indicators were measured. The mRNA relative expression of PPARα (Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α), SREBP1 (Sterol-regulatory element binding proteins), SCD1 (Stearyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase-1), ACACA (Acetyl-CoA carboxylases alpha), FASN (Fatty acid synthase), LXR (Liver X receptor) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) were measured by qRT-PCR. Results: Compared with model group, Rosa roxburghii wine could significantly (P<0.05) slow down the weight gain of mice, reduce fat index and total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content in serum and liver, and increase the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, the high-dose group significantly down-regulated the mRNA relative expressions of PPARα, AMPK, LXR, ACACA, SCD1 and FASN. The HE staining results showed that Rosa roxburghii wine could relieve hepatocellular enlargement and reduce hepatic steatosis. Conclusion: Rosa roxburghii wine has a preventive effect on high-fat-induced obesity in mice, which may be attributed to its ability to reduce fat accumulation and improve lipid metabolism disorders.